Sound Foundations Guide Sound Foundations Guide
Phonics Module: Reading Roots | Lesson 1: Short 'a'
Lesson Overview
This lesson introduces the short 'a' vowel sound (/æ/ as in "apple"). Students will practice phonemic awareness, letter formation, and the "continuous blending" technique. This multi-sensory approach is designed to support students with dyslexia or other reading challenges by engaging multiple neural pathways.
Time: 45-60 mins
Group: Small or Whole
Goal: Master /æ/ blending
Materials Needed
Sound Foundations Slides
Sand trays or tactile letter cards
Sound Safari Picture Cards
Blending Bridge Worksheet
Instructional Sequence
1
Phonemic Awareness: "Sound Safari" (10 mins)
Begin by having students listen for the /æ/ sound in words. Ask students to "Thumbs up" if they hear the /æ/ sound in the middle of a word (e.g., cat, map, sit, fan).
"Teacher: Listen to my word: 'Map'. M-aaa-p. Do you hear that apple sound in the middle?"
2
Tactile Tracing: Sand Trays (15 mins)
Introduce the letter 'a' visually. Have students trace the letter 'a' in a sand tray or on a textured card while saying the sound aloud: "A, apple, /æ/."
3
Continuous Blending (15 mins)
Model blending CVC words (e.g., c-a-t) using a continuous breath. Avoid stopping between sounds. Use the Blending Bridge Worksheet for guided practice.
Support & Extension
Scaffolding
Use "Elkonin Boxes" for students struggling to isolate sounds. Provide physical manipulatives (blocks) for each phoneme.
Extension
Challenge students to come up with "Short A" sentences or identify 'a' in multi-syllable words like "napkin" or "basket."
Sound Safari Slides Reading Roots
Sound Safari
Short 'a'
Let's explore the world of the /æ/ sound and learn to blend like a pro!
The Sound of the Day
a
"Say it with me: /æ/"
"Like in Apple!"
Hear the Safari!
Which of these words has the /æ/ sound in the middle?
Cat
Map
Sun
How to Write 'a'
"Say the sound as you write: /æ/, /æ/, /æ/!"
a
The Blending Bridge
Don't stop your breath! Let the sounds flow together like a song.
c
a
t
ccccc-aaaaa-ttttt
m
a
p
mmmm-aaaa-pppp
Safari Challenge!
Can you think of 3 more things in our safari that have the /æ/ sound?
Hint: Check your bag, look at the grass, or think of an animal!
Blending Bridge Worksheet Blending Bridge
Lesson 1: Short 'a' Safari
Name:
Date:
1. Trace and Say
Trace the letters. Say the sound /æ/ as you trace!
a
a
Start here →
a
a
2. Cross the Bridge
Slide your finger under the dots. Blend the sounds together without stopping your breath!
c
a
t
m
a
p
f
a
n
3. Safari Sketch
Pick one word from above and draw it in the box!
4. Write the Sounds
Listen to your teacher say the word. Write each sound in a box.
1
2
3
4
Teacher Note: Words for dictation could include: BAT, SAD, RAT, JAM. Encourage students to touch each box as they say the sound.
Short A Sorting Activity Short A Sorting Safari
Tactile Activity: Sorting /æ/ sounds
How to Play
Cut out the Sound Cards at the bottom of the page.
Look at the pictures. Say the word out loud.
Listen for the /æ/ sound (like in apple).
If you hear the sound, glue it to the Safari Jeep . If not, put it in the Tall Grass !
Short "A" Jeep
Glue words with the /æ/ sound here!
Tall Grass
Glue words WITHOUT the /æ/ sound here.
Sound Cards
Cat
Sun
Map
Dog
Hat
Pig
Fan
Bag
Safari Sound Sprint Game Safari Sound Sprint
The Short 'a' Race
START
cat
sit
STUCK IN MUD!
map
SPRINT +1
fan
bat
pig
GO BACK 1
jam
rat
EXTRA TURN
hat
hop
pan
bag
run
Finish
How to Play
Roll a die and move your marker.
If you land on a word, you must read it and say the /æ/ sound.
If it's a "Short A" word, stay there!
If it's NOT a "Short A" word (gray text), go back to your last spot.
Teacher Tips
Use small animal figurines as markers to keep with the safari theme! For an extra challenge, have students use the word in a sentence when they land on it.
Short A Answer Key Short A Answer Key
Reading Roots Phonics | Lesson 1
TEACHER ONLY
1. Blending Bridge Worksheet
Section 2: Crossing the Bridge
Word 1: c - a - t (cat)
Word 2: m - a - p (map)
Word 3: f - a - n (fan)
Section 4: Write the Sounds (Dictation)
Answers will vary based on teacher choice. Recommended words:
b - a - t
s - a - d
r - a - t
j - a - m
2. Short A Sorting Safari
Short "A" Jeep (Correct)
Tall Grass (Incorrect)
SUN (Short U)
DOG (Short O)
PIG (Short I)
3. Safari Sound Sprint Key
The following words on the game board are Short A (safe to stay): cat, map, fan, bat, jam, rat, hat, pan, bag.
The following words are NOT Short A (move back): sit, pig, hop, run.
Short I Teacher Guide Sound Foundations Guide
Phonics Module: Reading Roots | Lesson 2: Short 'i'
Lesson Overview
This lesson introduces the short 'i' vowel sound (/ɪ/ as in "itch" or "igloo"). Students will compare the mouth position of /æ/ vs /ɪ/, practice multi-sensory letter formation for lowercase 'i', and apply continuous blending to short 'i' CVC words.
Time: 45-60 mins
Group: Small or Whole
Goal: Master /ɪ/ decoding
Materials Needed
Short I Safari Slides
Small mirrors (for mouth position)
Island Blending Worksheet
Find the Fin Activity Cards
Instructional Sequence
1
Sound Comparison (10 mins)
Show students how /æ/ (wide mouth) is different from /ɪ/ (narrow, slightly open mouth). Use mirrors to check.
"Teacher: Look at my mouth. /æ/ is a big apple bite. /ɪ/ is like a little itch. Try it: /æ/... /ɪ/."
2
Multi-Sensory Formation (10 mins)
Trace 'i' in the air using "Sky Writing" (large arm movements). Ensure they dot the top last.
3
Guided Blending (20 mins)
Introduce CVC words: sit, bin, fin, lip. Practice "Sound-by-Sound" blending first, then move to "Whole Word" reading using the Island Blending Worksheet .
Watch Out For...
Confusing /ɪ/ and /ɛ/: Students often swap short 'i' and short 'e'. Emphasize the "itch" visual and the tighter mouth position for 'i'.
Letter Reversal: Ensure students don't confuse 'i' with lowercase 'l' or 'j'. The dot is a critical visual anchor.
Short I Safari Slides Reading Roots
Island Safari
Short 'i'
Let's find the /ɪ/ sound on our island adventure!
The Sound of the Day
i
"Say it with me: /ɪ/"
"Like in Insect!"
Check Your Mouth
How do we make the /ɪ/ sound?
Short a (/æ/)
Big Open Mouth
Short i (/ɪ/)
Little Open Mouth
Catch the Short 'i' Fish!
Point to the word that has the /ɪ/ sound.
Fish
Ship
Cat
How to Write 'i'
"Say it as you write: /ɪ/, /ɪ/, /ɪ/!"
i
Blend the Island!
Let the sounds stretch together like the waves.
s
i
t
ssss-iiii-tttt
Island Challenge!
Can you blend these words without stopping?
bin
fin
lip
Watch out! Don't let the sounds drop!
Island Blending Worksheet Island Blending
Lesson 2: Short 'i' Safari
Name:
Date:
1. Trace and Dot
Trace the letters. Say /ɪ/ like an "itch" as you trace!
i
i
Pull down → Dot!
i
i
i
2. Ride the Waves
Slide your finger on the waves. Stretch the sounds together!
s i t
b i n
l i p
3. Sound Discovery
Read the words below. Circle the words that have the /ɪ/ sound.
fin
map
rip
cat
tin
pig
4. Island Dictation
Listen to the word. Write the sounds you hear in the ship boxes.
Teacher Note: Recommended dictation words: WIN, DIP, BIG. Remind students to check their 'i' dots!
Short I Treasure Hunt Cards Island Treasure Hunt
Short 'i' Word Task Cards
How to Play
The teacher hides these cards around the room (the "Island"). Students hunt for treasures by reading the words!
Find a card and read the word out loud.
Check if it has the /ɪ/ sound.
Collect the card if it's a "Short I" treasure!
fin
bin
map
lip
tin
sun
rat
tip
Short I Answer Key Short I Answer Key
Reading Roots Phonics | Lesson 2
TEACHER ONLY
1. Island Blending Worksheet
Section 3: Sound Discovery
Words students should circle:
fin rip tin pig
Words not circled: map, cat (short 'a').
Section 4: Island Writing (Dictation)
w - i - n
d - i - p
b - i - g
2. Island Treasure Hunt
Short "I" Treasures (Correct)
Not Treasures (Wrong sound)
MAP (Short A)
SUN (Short U)
RAT (Short A)
Iceberg Hop Game Iceberg Hop
The Short 'i' Challenge
START
sit
bin
SPLASH! STAY 1 TURN
fin
rip
cat
WRONG SOUND!
tin
ICE SLIDE +2
dip
win
big
map
GO BACK 1
pig
FINISH
Ice Rules
Roll a die to move your marker across the icebergs.
When you land, you must stretch the sounds and read the word.
If it has a Short 'i' sound, you are safe!
If it has a different sound, slide back to your last spot.
Sound Check
"S-iiiii-t... sit! That's a short 'i' like an itch. I get to stay!"
TIP: Point to your nose like it's itchy when you say the /ɪ/ sound!
Short O Teacher Guide Sound Foundations Guide
Phonics Module: Reading Roots | Lesson 3: Short 'o'
Lesson Overview
This lesson introduces the short 'o' vowel sound (/ɑː/ as in "octopus" or "pot"). Students will explore the "open circle" mouth position, practice forming the letter 'o' with large motor movements, and blend CVC words using the continuous blending technique developed in previous lessons.
Time: 45-60 mins
Group: Small or Whole
Goal: Master /ɑː/ decoding
Materials Needed
Ocean Odyssey Slides
Small mirrors
Porthole Blending Worksheet
Ocean Floor Sound Sort Cards
Instructional Sequence
1
Mouth Position: "The Big O" (10 mins)
Model the /ɑː/ sound. Note that the mouth is wide open in a vertical oval shape, similar to the shape of the letter 'o'. Have students use mirrors to compare /æ/ (horizontal stretch) with /ɑː/ (vertical drop).
"Teacher: Look at my mouth when I say 'octopus'. My mouth makes a big circle! Try it with me: /ɑː/... /ɑː/... /ɑː/."
2
Tactile Formation: Portholes (10 mins)
Practice drawing the letter 'o' starting at the "2 o'clock" position. Use large-scale movements (Sky Writing) and then transition to smaller tracing on the Porthole Blending Worksheet .
3
Ocean Blending (20 mins)
Practice blending words: pot, dot, log, fox, box. Use the "Continuous Blending" technique—never stopping the sound between phonemes.
Support & Extension
Scaffolding
For students struggling with /ɑː/ vs /æ/, use the "Doctor sound" anchor—say /ɑː/ when the doctor looks at your throat.
Extension
Introduce nonsense words (e.g., 'zot', 'pom') to ensure students are decoding and not just memorizing word shapes.
Ocean Odyssey Slides Reading Roots
Ocean Odyssey
Short 'o'
Dive deep to find the /ɑː/ sound!
The Sound of the Day
o
"Say it with me: /ɑː/"
"Like in Octopus!"
The Open Circle
Your mouth makes the same shape as the letter!
/ɑː/
Mouth Check:
Drop your jaw down low.
Make an oval with your lips.
Say "Ahhh!" like at the doctor.
Search the Shipwreck!
Which of these words has the /ɑː/ sound in the middle?
Box
Pot
Fish
How to Write 'o'
"Say it as you draw: /ɑː/, /ɑː/, /ɑː/!"
o
Seaweed Blending
Let the sounds sway together like seaweed in the current.
l
o
g
llll-oooo-gggg
Odyssey Challenge!
Can you read these "Open Circle" words?
pot
dot
fox
Stretch them out and blend them smooth!
Porthole Blending Worksheet Porthole Blending
Lesson 3: Short 'o' Odyssey
Name:
Date:
1. Open the Porthole
Trace the letters. Say the /ɑː/ sound like an "octopus" as you trace!
o
o
Start at 2 o'clock →
o
o
o
2. Look Through the Portholes
Touch the dots and stretch the sounds together. Read the word!
l
o
g
p
o
t
b
o
x
3. Ocean Floor Drawing
Pick one word from above and draw it in the treasure chest!
4. Deep Sea Dictation
Listen to the word. Write the sounds in the bubble boxes.
1
2
3
Teacher Note: Recommended dictation words: HOT, JOB, MOP. Remind students to keep their 'o' shapes round!
Short O Answer Key Short O Answer Key
Reading Roots Phonics | Lesson 3
TEACHER ONLY
1. Porthole Blending Worksheet
Section 2: Crossing the Portholes
Word 1: l - o - g (log)
Word 2: p - o - t (pot)
Word 3: b - o - x (box)
Section 4: Deep Sea Dictation
Suggested words for the bubble boxes:
h - o - t
j - o - b
m - o - p
Reading Mastery Check
When students read the words on Slide 7 or the worksheet, verify they are using a continuous breath . There should be no "break" between sounds.
Correct (Continuous)
"Hhhhh-ooooo-ttttt... hot!"
Incorrect (Segmented)
"/h/ ... /ɒ/ ... /t/ ... hot?"
Short U Teacher Guide Sound Foundations Guide
Phonics Module: Reading Roots | Lesson 4: Short 'u'
Lesson Overview
This lesson introduces the short 'u' vowel sound (/ʌ/ as in "up" or "cup"). Students will learn the "relaxed jaw" mouth position, practice forming the letter 'u' (the "smile" letter), and apply continuous blending to CVC words with 'u' (e.g., bug, mud, sun).
Time: 45-60 mins
Group: Small or Whole
Goal: Master /ʌ/ blending
Materials Needed
Jungle Journey Slides
Pipe cleaners (to form 'u')
Undergrowth Blending Worksheet
Mud Puddle Sound Sort Activity
Instructional Sequence
1
Phonemic Awareness: "Up and Down" (10 mins)
Have students stand up. Say a list of words. Students jump UP if the word has the /ʌ/ sound in the middle (e.g., bug, sun, hop, mug).
"Teacher: Listen to the middle sound. 'B-uuuuu-g'. Do you hear the umbrella sound? Jump up!"
2
Mouth Position: The Relaxed Jaw (10 mins)
Model the /ʌ/ sound. The jaw is slightly dropped and the tongue is relaxed in the middle of the mouth. It's the "thinking sound" (uhhh...).
3
Jungle Blending (20 mins)
Use the Undergrowth Blending Worksheet to practice words like 'mud', 'bug', 'sun', and 'cup'. Emphasize the "Smile" shape of the letter 'u' as a visual cue.
Pro-Tip: The Vowel Valley
Short 'u' (/ʌ/) is often the hardest sound for students to distinguish from short 'o' (/ɑː/). Have students touch their chin—for /ɑː/ the chin drops low; for /ʌ/ the chin drops just a little bit.
Jungle Journey Slides Reading Roots
Jungle Journey
Short 'u'
Let's find the /ʌ/ sound under the jungle canopy!
The Sound of the Day
u
"Say it with me: /ʌ/"
"Like in Up!"
The Relaxed Jaw
How do we make the /ʌ/ sound?
Relax your mouth and tongue.
"It's the thinking sound: uhhh..."
"Your jaw drops just a little bit."
Up or Down?
Thumbs up if you hear the /ʌ/ sound in the middle!
Bug
Sun
Cat
How to Write 'u'
"Say the sound: /ʌ/, /ʌ/, /ʌ/!"
u
Muddy Blending
Let the sounds slide together like mud!
m
u
d
mmmm-uuuu-dddd
Jungle Challenge!
Can you read these words before they hide in the jungle?
cup
hug
tub
Use your blending breath! No stopping!
Undergrowth Blending Worksheet Undergrowth Blending
Lesson 4: Short 'u' Jungle
Name:
Date:
1. The Smile Letter
Trace the letters. Say /ʌ/ like an "umbrella" as you trace!
u
u
Go down & up →
u
u
u
2. Slide Down the Vines
Stretch the sounds together along the vines. Read the word!
b u g
m u d
s u n
3. Find the /ʌ/ Treasure
Read the words. Color the leaf if the word has the short 'u' sound.
mug
pot
tub
cat
nut
pig
4. Jungle Bird Dictation
Listen to the word. Write the sounds in the nest boxes.
Teacher Note: Recommended dictation words: RUN, CUP, HUT. Encourage students to feel the "relaxed" sound of /ʌ/.
Short U Answer Key Short U Answer Key
Reading Roots Phonics | Lesson 4
TEACHER ONLY
1. Undergrowth Blending Worksheet
Section 3: Find the /ʌ/ Treasure
Words students should color (Short U):
mug tub nut
Words not colored: pot (Short O), cat (Short A), pig (Short I).
Section 4: Jungle Bird Dictation
r - u - n
c - u - p
h - u - t
Teaching the "Smile" Letter
When students write the letter 'u', have them use the "Smile" visual.
u
"We smile when we say 'uhhh' because we're happy explorers! See the smile in the letter 'u'?"
Evergreen Guide Teacher Resource Evergreen Guide
Phonics Module: Reading Roots | Lesson 5: Short 'e'
Lesson Overview
This lesson introduces the short 'e' vowel sound (/ɛ/ as in "egg" or "bed"). This sound is often the most challenging for learners to distinguish from short 'a' and short 'i'. We use the "mid-smile" mouth cue and tactile tracing to solidify the phoneme-grapheme connection.
Time: 45-60 mins
Group: Small or Whole
Goal: Master /ɛ/ blending
Materials Needed
Evergreen Expedition Slides
Mirrors and "Egg Crack" props
Nest Blending Worksheet
Forest Find Game Board
Instructional Sequence
1
Mouth Position: The "Mid-Smile" (10 mins)
Model the /ɛ/ sound. Show that the mouth is open more than /ɪ/ but less than /æ/. It's a "relaxed smile." Use the mirror to check.
"Teacher: Look at my mouth. It's not a big apple bite (/æ/) and it's not a tiny itch (/ɪ/). It's right in the middle! /ɛ/, /ɛ/, /ɛ/."
2
Letter Formation: "Crack the Egg" (10 mins)
The letter 'e' starts in the middle. Go across (crack the egg) and then around (scoop it out). Trace in sand or in the air.
3
Continuous Blending (20 mins)
Practice blending CVC words: bed, red, hen, pen, net, leg. Use the Nest Blending Worksheet to reinforce the "never-stop-the-breath" technique.
Drill: The Vowel Swap
Rapidly change the vowel in a word and ask students to read:
bat → bet → bit
pan → pen → pin
This builds precise auditory discrimination between the similar short vowel sounds.
Evergreen Expedition Slides Reading Roots
Evergreen Expedition
Short 'e'
Let's find the /ɛ/ sound in the forest!
The Sound of the Day
e
"Say it with me: /ɛ/"
"Like in Egg!"
The Mid-Smile
How do we make the /ɛ/ sound?
Short i (/ɪ/)
Smallest smile. Tight throat.
Short e (/ɛ/)
The Mid-Smile! Relaxed.
Short a (/æ/)
Biggest smile. Jaw drops.
Find the /ɛ/ Egg!
Which word has the /ɛ/ sound in the middle?
Bed
Pen
Sun
How to Write 'e'
"Say the sound: /ɛ/, /ɛ/, /ɛ/!"
e
Forest Blending
Let the sounds flow together like the wind in the trees.
h
e
n
hhhh-eeee-nnnn
Forest Challenge!
Can you read these words before the sun sets?
net
leg
red
Stretch them! Blend them! You've got this!
Nest Blending Worksheet Nest Blending
Lesson 5: Short 'e' Evergreen
Name:
Date:
1. Crack the Egg
Trace the letters. Say /ɛ/ like an "egg" as you trace!
e
e
Across & Around →
e
e
e
2. Slide to the Nest
Stretch the sounds together smoothly. Read the word!
b e d
h e n
l e g
3. Forest Vowel Hunt
Read the words. Circle the words that have the short 'e' sound.
jet
sun
pen
pot
red
pig
4. Evergreen Dictation
Listen to the word. Write the sounds in the egg boxes.
Teacher Note: Recommended dictation words: PET, TEN, WEB. Watch for the 'mid-smile' mouth position!