History Hunt Matching Cards
History Hunt Matching Cards
Era 1: Early America - Birth of a New Government
STAAR PREP
Term
Declaration of Independence
Early America
Definition
Emphasized consent of the governed and citizens’ unalienable rights; stated American colonies were no longer under British control; inspired others to question their governments.
Early America
Term
Principles of the Constitution
Early America
Definition
Limit the power of the federal government through separation of powers and checks and balances.
Early America
Term
Bill of Rights
Early America
Definition
Lists freedoms (religion, assembly, the press, speech) and rights (due process, trial by jury) guaranteed to all U.S. citizens.
Early America
Term
Laissez-faire
Early America
Definition
A policy in which the government has a limited role in the economy; one of five democratic values as observed by Tocqueville.
Early America
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Era 1: Early America (Continued)
Term
Populism
Early America
Definition
Americans of various backgrounds can participate in government, not just the elite; one of five democratic values as observed by Tocqueville.
Early America
Term
E Pluribus Unum
Early America
Definition
“Out of many, one”; symbolizes the unity of the thirteen original colonies that joined together to form a single nation.
Early America
Term
Civic responsibilities
Early America
Definition
U.S. citizens participate in government when they vote in elections, serve on juries, and stay informed on current events.
Early America
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Era 2: Gilded Age - Growth of U.S. Industries
Term
Gilded Age
Gilded Age
Definition
Businesses became wealthy; corrupt government officials supported business-first policies.
Gilded Age
Term
Bessemer steel process
Gilded Age
Definition
Method for manufacturing stronger, cheaper steel; used for railroads and bridges; led to construction of taller buildings.
Gilded Age
Term
Electricity
Gilded Age
Definition
Made manufacturing more efficient; electric lighting led to longer workdays and more production.
Gilded Age
Term
Transcontinental Railroad
Gilded Age
Definition
Provided farmers and ranchers with access to distant markets; contributed to the settlement of the West.
Gilded Age
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Era 2: Gilded Age (Continued)
Term
Monopoly
Gilded Age
Definition
Total control of an industry by one company; restricted by laws passed to protect competitors and regulate consumer prices.
Gilded Age
Term
Labor unions
Gilded Age
Definition
Members fought for better pay, safer working conditions, and end of child labor; actions resulted in increased federal involvement.
Gilded Age
Term
Urbanization
Gilded Age
Definition
Rapid growth of cities caused by the migration of people in search of industrial jobs; caused sanitation problems.
Gilded Age
Term
Political machines
Gilded Age
Definition
Controlled political parties; traded jobs/community improvements for votes; justified corruption by helping poor/immigrants.
Gilded Age
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Era 2: Gilded Age (Continued)
Term
Immigrants
Gilded Age
Definition
Moved to U.S. for better economic opportunities; some worked in factories, others farmed; forced to assimilate into U.S. culture.
Gilded Age
Term
Nativists
Gilded Age
Definition
Viewed immigrants as competition for jobs; wanted restrictions placed on immigration; encouraged assimilation.
Gilded Age
Term
Chinese Exclusion Act
Gilded Age
Definition
Passed to prevent immigrants from taking Americans’ jobs out West.
Gilded Age
Term
Homestead Act
Gilded Age
Definition
Resulted in rapid settlement of the Great Plains.
Gilded Age
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Era 2: Gilded Age (Final)
Term
Assimilation
Gilded Age
Definition
American Indians were forced to adopt U.S. culture through the use of boarding schools, land ownership, and farming.
Gilded Age
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Era 3: Progressive Era - Social Improvements
Term
Populist Party
Progressive Era
Definition
Supported working-class citizens; a third party, which influences and draws votes away from the major political parties.
Progressive Era
Term
Jane Addams
Progressive Era
Definition
Fought for women’s suffrage and started the Settlement House movement in the U.S. to help assimilate immigrants.
Progressive Era
Term
Jim Crow laws
Progressive Era
Definition
Passed to limit rights gained by African Americans in the 13th (freedom), 14th (citizenship), and 15th (male suffrage) Amendments.
Progressive Era
Term
W. E. B. DuBois
Progressive Era
Definition
Founded the NAACP, a civil rights group that fought for the legal rights of African Americans.
Progressive Era
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Era 3: Progressive Era (Continued)
Term
State reforms
Progressive Era
Definition
Initiative, referendum, recall; increased citizen participation in democracy; ensured elected officials were held accountable.
Progressive Era
Term
Upton Sinclair
Progressive Era
Definition
Wrote The Jungle, which resulted in government regulation of food products.
Progressive Era
Term
Pure Food and Drug Act
Progressive Era
Definition
Passed to protect consumer health and safety; resulted from the efforts of muckrakers, like Upton Sinclair.
Progressive Era
Term
National Park Service
Progressive Era
Definition
Created to conserve natural resources and maintain designated areas for public use and enjoyment.
Progressive Era
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Era 3: Progressive Era (Final)
Term
Improved working conditions
Progressive Era
Definition
Child Labor Act passed and Department of Labor created to ensure safety and well-being of all laborers.
Progressive Era
Term
Eighteenth Amendment
Progressive Era
Definition
Prohibited sale of alcohol; supported by women; aimed to reduce crime and health problems; resulted in speakeasies and crime.
Progressive Era
Term
Nineteenth Amendment
Progressive Era
Definition
Increased women’s political power by granting them suffrage, or the right to vote; result of suffrage movement protests.
Progressive Era
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Era 4: World Power - Rise to Global Leadership
Term
Effects of Spanish-American War
World Power
Definition
U.S. was established as a world power, gained access to new markets, and acquired new territories in the Pacific (Guam and Philippines) and the Caribbean (Puerto Rico).
World Power
Term
Hawaii
World Power
Definition
Annexation forced by U.S. and supported by S.B. Dole; provided U.S. with military presence in the Pacific and access to natural resources.
World Power
Term
Big Stick policy
World Power
Definition
The threat of U.S. intervention in Western Hemisphere affairs; part of Roosevelt’s Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.
World Power
Term
Panama Canal
World Power
Definition
Land obtained through Roosevelt’s Big Stick policy; difficult to build due to climate and terrain; decreased travel time and made trading more efficient.
World Power
History Hunt Matching Cards
Era 4: World Power (Continued)
Term
World War I
World Power
Definition
Initiated by the assassination of Franz Ferdinand and increased tensions in Europe; U.S. was neutral at first but later joined Allies.
World Power
Term
Trench warfare
World Power
Definition
Caused by the use of machine guns; resulted in periods of stalemate; tanks and poison gas were used to break stalemates.
World Power
Term
U.S. enters WWI
World Power
Definition
Result of Germany’s aggressive actions—Zimmermann Telegram, sinking Lusitania, unrestricted submarine warfare—against U.S.
World Power
Term
World War I Homefront
World Power
Definition
U.S. citizens were encouraged to buy bonds to finance the war; women and African Americans worked in war industries.
World Power
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Era 4: World Power (Continued)
Term
American Expeditionary Forces
World Power
Definition
(AEF) soldiers drafted through the Selective Service Act and commanded by General John J. Pershing; led the counterattack on the western front.
World Power
Term
Espionage & Sedition Acts
World Power
Definition
Made it a crime to interfere with war effort and limited freedom of speech during wartime; upheld by Supreme Court.
World Power
Term
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
World Power
Definition
Ideas to prevent future global conflicts; League of Nations, freedom of the seas, establishment of Poland.
World Power
Term
Treaty of Versailles
World Power
Definition
Intended to weaken Germany after World War I; created the League of Nations; rejected by U.S.
World Power
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Era 4: World Power (Final)
Term
Isolationism
World Power
Definition
Post-World War I U.S. policy supported by Henry Cabot Lodge; caused U.S. to refuse League of Nations membership.
World Power
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Era 5: Roaring 20s - Economic Prosperity
Term
Teapot Dome Scandal
Roaring 20s
Definition
Bribery scandal that occurred during Harding’s term; caused citizens to lose trust in the federal government.
Roaring 20s
Term
Mass manufacturing
Roaring 20s
Definition
Use of assembly-line production to efficiently produce affordable goods and automobiles; popularized by Henry Ford.
Roaring 20s
Term
Flappers
Roaring 20s
Definition
Women who challenged traditional roles and social norms during the Roaring 20s by embracing bold lifestyles and unique fashion.
Roaring 20s
Term
Great Migration
Roaring 20s
Definition
Movement of African Americans to northern states in search of economic opportunities and freedom from Jim Crow laws.
Roaring 20s
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Era 5: Roaring 20s (Final)
Term
Harlem Renaissance
Roaring 20s
Definition
Celebrated African American culture; gospel and jazz music grew in popularity; influenced the Civil Rights movement.
Roaring 20s
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Era 6: Great Depression - Economic Loss and Recovery
Term
Overspeculation
Great Depression
Definition
Excessive trading of stocks based on the belief prices would rise; limited government regulation; led to Great Depression.
Great Depression
Term
Great Depression
Great Depression
Definition
Individuals lost wealth and businesses failed; led to foreclosures and homelessness.
Great Depression
Term
Dust Bowl
Great Depression
Definition
Homes were buried and farmland ruined; caused by poor farming practices, overproduction, and drought.
Great Depression
Term
New Deal
Great Depression
Definition
Roosevelt’s agenda to provide economic relief, recovery, and reform; provided jobs and mortgage loans to citizens.
Great Depression
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Era 6: Great Depression (Continued)
Term
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Great Depression
Definition
(FDIC) government agency that guarantees bank deposits and protects people’s savings.
Great Depression
Term
Social Security Administration
Great Depression
Definition
Federal program that helps the elderly, disabled, and retired; increased the government’s role in citizens’ lives.
Great Depression
Term
Tenth Amendment
Great Depression
Definition
Cited by the Supreme Court to overturn some New Deal policies that infringed on powers reserved for the states.
Great Depression
Term
Roosevelt’s court-packing plan
Great Depression
Definition
Proposed due to some New Deal plans being overturned; rejected because it increased power of president.
Great Depression
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Era 6: Great Depression (Final)
Term
Twenty-Second Amendment
Great Depression
Definition
Limits presidents to serve two terms; passed in response to Franklin D. Roosevelt serving four terms.
Great Depression
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Era 7: World War II - Fight Against Global Dictators
Term
Pearl Harbor
World War II
Definition
U.S. naval base in the Pacific; bombed by the Japanese military in retaliation for a trade embargo; resulted in U.S. entering WWII.
World War II
Term
World War II Homefront
World War II
Definition
U.S. citizens were encouraged to purchase war bonds, plant victory gardens, and comply with government rations.
World War II
Term
Women
World War II
Definition
Took on new roles to support the war effort; worked nontraditional jobs in agriculture, industrial production, and the military.
World War II
Term
Japanese American internment camps
World War II
Definition
Resulted from Executive Order 9066; violated some citizens’ rights to equal protection and due process.
World War II
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Era 7: World War II (Continued)
Term
Tuskegee Airmen
World War II
Definition
African American fighter pilot unit that overcame discrimination and encouraged the integration of the armed forces.
World War II
Term
Navajo Code Talkers
World War II
Definition
Used their native language to transmit secret military information for the Allies during WWII.
World War II
Term
Vernon Baker
World War II
Definition
African American WWII veteran who received the Congressional Medal of Honor for his bravery.
World War II
Term
The Holocaust
World War II
Definition
Systematic genocide of European Jews; caused many Jews to migrate to America; survivors were liberated by the Allies.
World War II
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Era 7: World War II (Final)
Term
Atomic bomb
World War II
Definition
Developed in Los Alamos, New Mexico; dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to force Japan to surrender; resulted in arms race with USSR.
World War II
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Era 8: Cold War - Struggle Against Communism
Term
Berlin Airlift
Cold War
Definition
Result of the Soviet blockade of West Berlin; U.S. and Great Britain flew in supplies to citizens of West Berlin.
Cold War
Term
Marshall Plan
Cold War
Definition
U.S. provided Western European countries with financial assistance to rebuild after World War II.
Cold War
Term
Containment
Cold War
Definition
U.S. foreign policy to stop the spread of communism; reason for UN and U.S. participation in the Korean War.
Cold War
Term
House Un-American Activities Committee
Cold War
Definition
(HUAC) investigated individuals in Hollywood who were suspected of being communists.
Cold War
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Era 8: Cold War (Continued)
Term
McCarthyism
Cold War
Definition
Red Scare movement led by Senator Joseph McCarthy; some U.S. government officials were accused of being communists.
Cold War
Term
Sputnik I
Cold War
Definition
Soviet satellite; led to the space race; caused U.S. to increase funding for math and science education and space exploration.
Cold War
Term
Aerospace industry
Cold War
Definition
Led to the creation technologies that are now used to improve people’s quality of life.
Cold War
Term
GI Bill
Cold War
Definition
Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944; provided tuition reimbursement and low-interest home loans to veterans.
Cold War
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Era 8: Cold War (Final)
Term
Economic prosperity
Cold War
Definition
Resulted in increased employment opportunities and consumer spending; expanded the middle class.
Cold War
Term
Suburbs
Cold War
Definition
Expanded after WWII due to baby boom, economic prosperity; caused destruction of natural ecosystems.
Cold War
Term
Vaccines
Cold War
Definition
Designed to limit the spread of infectious diseases; Jonas Salk helped stop polio.
Cold War
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Era 9: Civil Rights - Fight for Equality
Term
Brown v. Board of Education
Civil Rights
Definition
Enforced school desegregation; Thurgood Marshall argued the case; overturned Plessy v. Ferguson.
Civil Rights
Term
Rosa Parks
Civil Rights
Definition
Arrested for an act of civil disobedience; inspired a yearlong boycott to fight bus segregation laws.
Civil Rights
Term
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Civil Rights
Definition
Important leader of the Civil Rights movement; advocated for racial equality through acts of civil disobedience.
Civil Rights
Term
Black Panthers
Civil Rights
Definition
Used militant actions to fight racial inequality and armed patrols to protect their community; founded by Huey P. Newton.
Civil Rights
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Era 9: Civil Rights (Continued)
Term
Little Rock Crisis
Civil Rights
Definition
Governor Orval Faubus challenged federal power to desegregate schools; President Eisenhower sent troops to enforce the Brown ruling.
Civil Rights
Term
March on Washington
Civil Rights
Definition
Nonviolent protest that resulted in civil rights legislation to improve political and economic opportunities for minorities.
Civil Rights
Term
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Civil Rights
Definition
Ended racial segregation in public places.
Civil Rights
Term
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Civil Rights
Definition
Established as part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; prohibited discrimination by employers.
Civil Rights
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Era 9: Civil Rights (Final)
Term
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Civil Rights
Definition
Ended literacy tests and other discriminatory practices set up to limit voter participation; resulted in increased voting by African Americans.
Civil Rights
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Era 10: 60s & Vietnam - Protests & Change
Term
Great Society
60s & Vietnam
Definition
Created to end poverty and social injustice; provided low-income families with homes, insurance, and job training.
60s & Vietnam
Term
Women’s movement
60s & Vietnam
Definition
Inspired by The Feminine Mystique; women questioned traditional social roles; Title IX passed, but the ERA was rejected.
60s & Vietnam
Term
Chicano movement
60s & Vietnam
Definition
Members advocated for Mexican Americans’ civil liberties; Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta founded the United Farm Workers.
60s & Vietnam
Term
Chicano Mural Movement
60s & Vietnam
Definition
Inspired cultural pride and unity.
60s & Vietnam
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Era 10: 60s & Vietnam (Continued)
Term
Domino theory
60s & Vietnam
Definition
Caused U.S. entry into the Vietnam War to contain the spread of communism in Southeast Asia.
60s & Vietnam
Term
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
60s & Vietnam
Definition
Increased executive power; allowed president to take military action without congressional approval.
60s & Vietnam
Term
Twenty-Sixth Amendment
60s & Vietnam
Definition
Lowered the voting age to eighteen years old; supporters argued if you can serve in the military, you can vote.
60s & Vietnam
Term
Anti-war movement
60s & Vietnam
Definition
Caused by the credibility gap; included mass demonstrations, burning draft cards, and violence at Kent State.
60s & Vietnam
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Era 10: 60s & Vietnam (Final)
Term
War Powers Resolution
60s & Vietnam
Definition
Rebalanced power between legislative and executive branches; limited the executive branch’s military power.
60s & Vietnam
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Era 11: 70s & 80s - Government Scandals
Term
Environmental reforms
70s & 80s
Definition
Federal actions in response to Silent Spring; EPA, Endangered Species Act, and Earth Day.
70s & 80s
Term
Nixon’s foreign policies
70s & 80s
Definition
Normalized relations with China; reduced tensions with the Soviet Union through weapons treaties.
70s & 80s
Term
Watergate scandal
70s & 80s
Definition
Nixon attempted to cover up his involvement; led to loss of trust in federal government.
70s & 80s
Term
OPEC
70s & 80s
Definition
(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) passed an oil embargo on U.S. because it supported Israel; caused energy shortage.
70s & 80s
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Era 11: 70s & 80s (Final)
Term
Alternative energy sources
70s & 80s
Definition
U.S. government encouraged development to reduce reliance on foreign oil; includes solar panels and wind turbines.
70s & 80s
Term
Camp David Accords
70s & 80s
Definition
President Carter negotiated a peace treaty between Israel and Egypt.
70s & 80s
Term
Iran Hostage Crisis
70s & 80s
Definition
Iranian revolutionaries kidnapped Americans after the U.S. allowed the Shah of Iran to enter the country.
70s & 80s
Term
Sandra Day O’Connor
70s & 80s
Definition
First female Supreme Court justice.
70s & 80s
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Era 12: 90s & Today - Technology and Terrorism
Term
Persian Gulf War
90s & Today
Definition
Iraq invaded and occupied Kuwait; UN coalition led by the U.S. fought and liberated Kuwait.
90s & Today
Term
International trade policies
90s & Today
Definition
NAFTA and GATT; passed to increase access to foreign markets; resulted in a loss of U.S. manufacturing jobs.
90s & Today
Term
2000 presidential election
90s & Today
Definition
Third party influenced major party candidates; Supreme Court ruled Florida's recount unconstitutional.
90s & Today
Term
September 11, 2001
90s & Today
Definition
Resulted in U.S. military action in Afghanistan and the global War on Terror.
90s & Today
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Era 12: 90s & Today (Continued)
Term
USA PATRIOT Act
90s & Today
Definition
Passed to protect the U.S. from future terrorist attacks; some thought it violated individual rights.
90s & Today
Term
New Orleans, Louisiana
90s & Today
Definition
Sits below sea level; flooded when levees failed during Hurricane Katrina.
90s & Today
Term
2008 presidential election
90s & Today
Definition
First time a minority candidate won; Barack Obama was elected as the first African American president.
90s & Today
Term
Computers & internet
90s & Today
Definition
Increased access to information, created online shopping, and improved people’s quality of life.
90s & Today
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Era 12: 90s & Today (Final)
Term
Robotics & automation
90s & Today
Definition
Increased manufacturing and production efficiency.
90s & Today
Term
Free enterprise
90s & Today
Definition
Businesses have economic freedom with minimal government interference; leads to improved products and cheaper prices.
90s & Today
Term
Environment
90s & Today
Definition
Affected by population growth and burning of oil and gas; urbanization caused air/water pollution and destruction of ecosystems.
90s & Today
Term
Cultural diffusion
90s & Today
Definition
The spread and influence of social activities and products around the world through television, internet, and social media.
90s & Today
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Era 12: 90s & Today (Rust Belt)
Term
Rust Belt to Sun Belt Migration
90s & Today
Definition
A demographic shift from the Northeast and Midwest to southern states; driven by search for jobs, lower cost of living, and warmer climate.
90s & Today
