Public Policy

In this episode of Crash Course US History, John Green explores the 1990s and the presidency of Bill Clinton. The video covers the complex domestic and foreign landscape of the decade, from the booming economy fueled by the tech revolution and the internet to the dark failures of international intervention in Rwanda and the Balkans. It examines Clinton's political strategy of 'triangulation,' his battles with a Republican-led Congress under Newt Gingrich, and the eventual scandal and impeachment that marred his second term. The content delves into key themes such as globalization, the rise of the 'New Democrat,' and the intensifying culture wars of the late 20th century. It breaks down significant policy shifts like welfare reform, the 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' military policy, and the controversial 1994 Crime Bill that led to mass incarceration. The video also highlights the demographic shifts in America due to immigration reform and the widening economic gap despite overall prosperity. For educators, this video serves as an excellent synthesis of modern American history, connecting political decisions to long-term societal trends. It provides opportunities to discuss the role of the US in post-Cold War geopolitics, the impact of technology on the economy, and the polarization of American politics. The video handles sensitive topics like the Monica Lewinsky scandal and the Rwandan genocide with historical context, making it a robust resource for high school US History and Civics classrooms.

In this channel update and course preview, host John Green announces the conclusion of the World History series and introduces two upcoming courses: Intellectual Property and Economics. The video serves as a transition point for the channel, explaining the shift in hosts and topics for the coming season. The video outlines the scope of the new series. First, it introduces a mini-series on Intellectual Property and Copyright Law hosted by Stan Muller, emphasizing its relevance to creators and internet users. Second, it previews Crash Course Economics, hosted by Adriene Hill and Jacob Clifford, with Green humorously highlighting the complexity of discussing capitalism's pros and cons. Finally, Green discusses his temporary departure to focus on writing a book. While primarily an announcement, this video acts as an excellent 'hook' or syllabus introduction for teachers starting units on Economics, Civics, or Media Literacy. It helps set expectations for students, introduces the new instructors, and briefly touches on the 'why' behind studying intellectual property and economic systems, sparking initial curiosity.

This educational video takes students on a time-traveling adventure back to the 1990s to explore the invention and profound impact of the World Wide Web. Through a narrative frame where the host, Anthony, and his robot companion, Mia, get trapped inside a computer, viewers meet 'Webster,' a guide to the digital past. The video breaks down the history of the internet versus the World Wide Web, introducing key milestones like the 1989 invention by a British scientist and the explosion of usage by the late 90s. The content is structured around three primary pillars of impact: Social, Economic, and Political. Socially, it covers the shift from physical libraries to search engines (Ask Jeeves, Google), the birth of instant communication (AIM, Email), and the rise of social media and misinformation. Economically, it explains the 'Dot Com' boom, the birth of e-commerce giants like Amazon and eBay, and new career paths in tech. Politically, it discusses how the 1992 election utilized email for the first time and how digital platforms revolutionized voter engagement and activism. This resource is highly valuable for Social Studies and History classrooms as it connects recent history to students' current digital lives. It effectively contrasts life 'before' and 'after' the web, helping students appreciate the technological conveniences they often take for granted while critically analyzing the double-edged sword of instant information. The video includes built-in pause points with discussion questions, making it ready-to-use for interactive classroom instruction.

This educational video provides a comprehensive introduction to supranational organizations, exploring how and why independent states choose to cooperate on a global scale. Hosted by a narrator named Justin, the video takes students on a virtual "tour" of three major organizations: the United Nations (UN), the European Union (EU), and the African Union (AU). It defines what a supranational organization is and examines the three primary types of cooperation fostered by these groups: political, economic, and environmental. The video delves into complex geopolitical concepts such as national sovereignty, diplomacy, and the long-term impacts of colonialism. It uses specific real-world examples to illustrate abstract ideas, including the Paris Agreement for environmental standards, the Schengen Agreement for open borders in Europe, the Euro as a common currency, and the AU's peacekeeping mission in Somalia. The narrative critically examines the trade-offs of membership, specifically why states surrender some of their sovereignty to gain the benefits of collective security and economic strength. For educators, this video serves as an excellent anchor for units on World Geography, Civics, or Global Studies. It simplifies high-level political science concepts into accessible terms using clear visuals and maps. The content naturally leads to classroom discussions about current events, the balance between national independence and global interdependence, and the challenges nations face when trying to solve problems that cross borders, such as climate change and war.

This video provides a clear and engaging introduction to the economic concept of public goods, using the fictional town of Marketville to illustrate the challenges of market failures. Through the example of missing streetlights, the narrator explains the two defining characteristics of public goods: non-excludability and non-rivalry. The video breaks down these complex terms with relatable examples, demonstrating why private markets often fail to provide these essential services and why governments typically step in to fill the gap. The content explores both the benefits and drawbacks of public goods. It highlights positive externalities like public health, environmental protection, and community building, while also addressing challenges such as funding through unpopular taxes, the potential for overuse (Tragedy of the Commons), and maintenance issues. The narrator encourages viewers to think critically about how political decisions and budget cuts affect the availability of these resources in their own communities. Ideal for high school economics and civics classrooms, this video addresses the "Free Rider Problem" and the concept of underprovision. It serves as an excellent foundation for lessons on government spending, tax policy, and civic responsibility, helping students understand the balance between individual costs and collective benefits in a society.

This educational video explores the complex world of lobbying in the United States government, breaking down how individuals and groups legally attempt to influence laws and public policy. It begins with the historical anecdote of Ulysses S. Grant in the Willard Hotel lobby to explain the term's origin before diving into the mechanics of modern influence. The narrator defines key concepts such as bribery, conflicts of interest, and the various organizational structures used to sway legislators, including Political Action Committees (PACs), advocacy groups, and special interest groups. A significant portion of the video is dedicated to the ethical gray areas surrounding money in politics. It introduces critical terms like "astroturfing"—the practice of masking the sponsors of a message to make it appear as a grassroots movement—and distinguishes between legitimate advocacy and potential corruption. The content contrasts the legal rights of groups to petition the government with the potential for financial resources to overshadow the will of ordinary constituents. For educators, this video serves as a vital tool for Civics and Government curricula. It encourages critical thinking by repeatedly pausing to ask students to evaluate the ethics of specific practices, such as whether elected officials should accept gifts or if PACs should be legal. It connects abstract political concepts to concrete examples like the ADL, AARP, and the Sierra Club, helping students understand the diverse ecosystem of political influence beyond just the ballot box.

This educational video provides a comprehensive overview of the dramatic shift in United States domestic and foreign policy from the post-World War I era through the Cold War. It explores how the United States transitioned from a nation favoring isolationism and a small peacetime military to a global superpower with an interventionist foreign policy and a large standing army. The narrator explains the historical context behind these changes, highlighting how public opinion evolved due to the devastation of global wars, the rise of communism, and the threat of nuclear annihilation.

This educational video from the Crash Course Political Theory series explores the complex philosophy of Liberalism, moving beyond the common political usage of the term to its roots as a philosophy centered on liberty and individual rights. Hosted by Ellie Anderson, the video traces the evolution of liberal thought from the 1600s social contract theories of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke to modern interpretations by John Rawls and Isaiah Berlin. It tackles difficult questions about what happens when individual rights conflict and how a democratic society balances freedom with equality. The content dives deep into key political concepts including the State of Nature, the Social Contract, the Veil of Ignorance, and the crucial distinction between Negative Liberty (freedom from interference) and Positive Liberty (the capacity for self-determination). It also addresses historical contradictions within classical liberalism, such as its coexistence with slavery and colonialism, and introduces contemporary debates regarding multiculturalism and group rights versus individual rights. For educators, this video serves as an excellent anchor for units on political philosophy, civics, or government. It provides a structured framework for students to understand abstract concepts like justice and fairness. The video offers concrete metaphors—like the ride-sharing app for the social contract or the job applicant for positive/negative liberty—that make complex theories accessible. It naturally prompts critical thinking and classroom debate regarding current events, social justice, and the role of government.

This educational video explores the critical relationship between the media, public opinion, and government policy. Using the classic fable of "The Boy Who Cried Wolf" as an analogy, the narrator demonstrates how credibility and trust are essential for a functioning press. The video breaks down the media's influence into three key areas: public awareness, public discussion, and public opinion. It examines how independent journalism can act as a watchdog—using the Watergate scandal as a primary example—while contrasting this with the dangers of commercialized media, where profit motives can lead to apathy, sensationalism, and a reliance on pre-packaged government narratives. Key themes include the impact of media consolidation on journalistic standards, the tension between corporate profits and public interest, and the correlation between media consumption and voter turnout. The video provides historical statistics on voter participation relative to media landscape changes and discusses modern challenges like "coordinated inauthentic behavior" and disinformation campaigns on social media platforms. It also defines authoritarianism's reliance on state-controlled media to manipulate public perception. For educators, this resource serves as an excellent tool for teaching media literacy and civics. It challenges students to analyze where their information comes from and understand the economic forces that shape the news. The video encourages critical thinking about how the "official version" of events may crowd out independent reporting and provides a framework for understanding how a healthy, diverse media landscape is essential for a thriving democracy.

This educational video explores the complex relationship between free speech, democratic values, and content moderation in the digital age. It begins by distinguishing between government-protected civil liberties and the rights of private social media platforms to moderate content, introducing key legal frameworks like Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act. The narrator explains how social media companies have essentially created their own "platform law" to police content, acting as arbitrators of truth without the checks and balances of traditional government institutions. The video details the mechanisms of content moderation, including user flagging and artificial intelligence, while highlighting the limitations of AI in detecting nuance like sarcasm. It then categorizes potential solutions to the disinformation crisis into four approaches: Public-to-Private (like Germany's NetzDG law), Government interventions (such as internal referral units or content filters), Market-based solutions (adjusting algorithms for social value), and Consumer-focused strategies (teaching digital literacy and signaling authority). This resource is highly valuable for Civics, Government, and Media Literacy classrooms. It moves beyond simple definitions to analyze the structural challenges of regulating online speech. Teachers can use this video to spark high-level debates about censorship, corporate responsibility, and the trade-offs between safety and freedom. It provides concrete examples of global policies, making it an excellent tool for comparative government studies and discussions on digital citizenship.

This educational video examines the profound shift in United States foreign policy following World War II, specifically focusing on the emergence of international human rights. It connects the atrocities of the war, including the Holocaust and the use of atomic weapons, to the creation of new global institutions and legal frameworks intended to prevent future catastrophes. The narrative explains the founding of the United Nations, the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the definition of genocide. The video also delves into the complex geopolitical landscape of the post-war era, covering the United States' role in the establishment of the State of Israel. It explores the competing motivations behind US support, ranging from humanitarian concerns and religious connections to Cold War strategy against Soviet influence. Crucially, the video presents multiple perspectives, acknowledging both the Jewish historical claim to the land and the Palestinian experience of displacement (the Nakba), as well as critiques regarding colonialism and self-determination. Designed for high school history classrooms, this resource serves as an excellent primer for units on the Cold War, international relations, or human rights. It encourages students to think critically about the tension between national sovereignty and international oversight, and how historical decisions continue to shape modern geopolitical conflicts. The inclusion of pause points and graphic organizer prompts makes it ready-made for interactive note-taking and classroom engagement.

This episode of Crash Course Black American History explores the extraordinary life and legacy of Frederick Douglass, one of the most influential figures in American history. Hosted by Clint Smith, the video traces Douglass's journey from his birth into slavery in Maryland to his escape and subsequent rise as a world-renowned orator, writer, and abolitionist. It details the pivotal moments that shaped his worldview, including his covert education, his physical resistance against a "slave-breaker," and his escape to the North with the critical assistance of Anna Murray. The video delves into key themes such as the power of literacy as a tool for liberation, the strategic use of rhetoric to shift public opinion, and the complex political landscape of the mid-19th century. It highlights Douglass's career as an editor of *The North Star*, his advocacy for women's rights, and his influential relationship with Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War, where he pushed for Black enlistment as a path to citizenship. For educators, this resource serves as a powerful anchor for units on the Civil War, the abolitionist movement, or American literature. It humanizes a historical icon, moving beyond simple facts to explore his internal motivations, his partnership with his wife Anna, and his unwavering faith in the face of systemic oppression. The content naturally sparks discussions about resistance, the importance of education, and the definition of American citizenship.