Modern America Mastery

Tennessee Social Studies Standards Reference

US.01

Analyze the causes and consequences of Gilded Age politics and economics, including political machines and corruption (Tweed, graft).

US.02

Examine the factors that led to the end of Reconstruction, specifically the Compromise of 1877.

US.03

Analyze the impact of the Hayes-Tilden presidential election of 1876.

US.04

Analyze the causes and effects of the settlement of the West (Homestead Act, Morrill Act, Exodusters).

US.05

Analyze the impact of Westward Expansion on Native Americans (Dawes Act, Assimilation, Wounded Knee).

US.06

Analyze the impact of the Grange, the Populist Party, and the "Cross of Gold" speech.

US.07

Describe the changes in American life that resulted from inventions and innovations (Edison, Bell, Bessemer).

US.08

Explain the rise of industrialization and monopolies (Rockefeller, Carnegie, Morgan, Vanderbilt).

US.09

Analyze the transition from "Old" to "New" immigration (Ellis Island, Nativism).

US.10

Analyze the impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the Gentlemen’s Agreement.

US.11

Explain the rise of urbanization (political machines, social gospel, settlement houses).

US.12

Analyze the significance of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC).

US.13

Analyze the move toward civil service reform (Pendleton Act, Garfield assassination).

Gilded Age Mastery Curriculum • TN Standards Aligned

12. Why were farmers angry at railroads according to Source 5?

A) Lower speed B) Lack of ads C) High, unfair rates D) Track color

13. The Grange lobbied for laws to regulate:

A) Cotton supply B) Nativism C) Steel trusts D) Railroad prices

14. The first federal agency to regulate business was the:

A) FBI B) ICC C) CIA D) NAACP

15. What party formed from this farmer movement?

A) Populist B) Whig C) Tory D) Anti-Mason

Source 6: Historical Record

"In 1880, a patent for a vacuum-sealed glass container with a carbonized filament was granted to Edison's team."

16. How did Source 6 impact industrial factories?

A) Seasonal close B) 24-hour work shifts C) Ended assembly D) Banned labor

17. Alexander Graham Bell revolutionized communication with the:

A) Radio B) Telephone C) Semaphore D) Phonograph

18. Lewis Latimer's improvement to the bulb involved a durable:

A) Switch B) Carbon filament C) Glass shell D) Battery base

19. Technological "New Horizons" primarily grew which areas?

A) Large cities B) Mining camps C) Desert forts D) Sod houses

Source 7: Cartoon Description

Boss Tweed standing next to a ballot box with the caption "As long as I count the Votes, what are you going to do about it?"

20. The "City Hall Hustle" was typical of:

A) Coal unions B) Political Machines C) Rangers D) Populists

21. Machines gained immigrant support by providing:

A) University aid B) Stock options C) Free land D) Jobs and housing

22. The term "graft" in Source 7 refers to:

A) Merit pay B) Stolen public money C) Charity funds D) Export taxes

23. Which cartoonist exposed the "Tweed Ring"?

A) Thomas Nast B) Riis C) Tarbell D) Sinclair

Source 8: J.D. Rockefeller

"The growth of a large business is merely a survival of the fittest... the rose is produced only by sacrificing the early buds."

24. Source 8 provides a justification for:

A) Equal pay B) Monopolies C) Charity D) Competition

25. Industrialists were often called "Robber Barons" by:

A) Lawyers B) Immigrants C) Critics D) The Army

26. The 1890 law aimed at breaking trusts was the:

A) Hatch Act B) Dawes Act C) Morrill Act D) Sherman Antitrust

27. Cornelius Vanderbilt's fortune came from:

A) Banking B) Oil Refining C) Railroads D) Chemicals

Source 9: Immigration

28. Which group was common among "New" Immigrants?

A) Catholic/Jewish B) Protestant C) Anglican D) Quaker

29. "New" Immigrants on the East Coast entered via:

A) Alcatraz B) Miami Bay C) Ellis Island D) Boston Port

30. "Old" immigrants were more likely to seek:

A) Midwest farms B) Urban slums C) Mining coal D) Coastal docks

Source 10: Legal Act, 1882

"...coming of Chinese laborers... is hereby suspended."

31. Source 10 is known as the:

A) Dawes Act B) Chinese Exclusion Act C) Sherman Act D) Homestead Act

32. This law restricted immigration based on:

A) Wealth B) Ethnicity/Race C) Health D) Age

33. Support for this law was high on the:

A) East Coast B) West Coast C) Gulf Coast D) Mountains

34. Asian immigrants were processed at:

A) Angel Island B) Ellis Is. C) Alcatraz D) Seattle Port

Source 11: Chief Joseph

"My heart is sick and sad. I will fight no more forever."

35. Chief Joseph surrender describes the end of:

A) Civil War B) Plains Indian Wars C) War of 1812 D) Gold Rush

36. The Wounded Knee massacre targeted the:

A) Lakota Sioux B) Nez Perce C) Cherokee D) Apache

37. Native children at Carlisle schools were to:

A) Own banks B) Learn war C) Assimilate D) Hunt buffalo

38. "Broken Promises" refers to ignoring:

A) Treaties B) Tax codes C) Ballots D) Patents

Source 12: Omaha Platform

"We demand... a graduated income tax... free coinage of silver... government own railroads."

39. Source 12 represents the goals of:

A) Titans B) Nativists C) Populists D) Bankers

40. Why did Populists want "free silver"?

A) To buy gold B) Inflate currency/help debtors C) Make jewelry D) Low taxes

41. This demand became the:

A) 16th Amendment B) 13th Amend. C) 19th Amend. D) 21st Amend.

42. William Jennings Bryan's speech was:

A) Gettysburg B) Farewell C) Cross of Gold D) Inaugural

Source 13: Integrity Stimulus

"Counting fake ballots to ensure party victory."

43. What is criticized in Source 13?

A) Election fraud B) Low turnout C) Poor ads D) High fees

44. The most famous NYC machine was:

A) Hull House B) Tammany Hall C) Standard Oil D) The Grange

45. Machines traded services for immigrant:

A) Money B) Land C) Votes D) Jewelry

Source 14: Business Strategy

Own Mines -> Own Trains -> Own Mills.

46. Source 14 illustrates:

A) Vertical integration B) Horizontal C) Barter D) Localism

47. Rockefeller mainly used horizontal integration in:

A) Steel B) Oil refining C) Farming D) Coal

48. J.P. Morgan dominated Gilded Age:

A) Docks B) Finance/Banking C) Farming D) Art

49. Controlling an entire industry creates a:

A) Union B) Monopoly/Trust C) Republic D) Fort

Source 15: 1907 Record

"Japan will not issue passports to laborers."

50. Source 15 is known as the:

A) Open Door B) Gentlemen’s Agreement C) Paris Peace D) Kellogg

51. It addressed segregation in:

A) San Francisco B) NY C) Chicago D) Memphis

52. Nativism in the 1890s was anti-:

A) British B) S/E European/Asian C) Canadian D) French

53. The Social Gospel movement wanted to:

A) Help the urban poor B) Fight wars C) Build RRs D) End gold

Source 16: Merit Reform

"Jobs given based on exam scores rather than party support."

54. Source 16 represents the:

A) Pendleton Act B) Sherman Act C) Dawes Act D) Morrill Act

55. Civil service reform replaced the:

A) Union B) Spoils System C) Tariff D) Gold

56. Reform passed after the murder of:

A) Garfield B) Lincoln C) McKinley D) Taft

57. Illegal machine payments were:

A) Dividends B) Kickbacks C) Taxes D) Rebates

58. The Morrill Act gave land for:

A) Prisons B) Colleges C) Forts D) Docks

59. "Exodusters" sought their:

A) Gold mines B) Promised Land C) Standard Oil D) Navy

60. Who financiered U.S. Steel?

A) Morgan B) Rockefeller C) Bell D) Hine

61. 1880s Exclusion laws targeted:

A) Irish B) Chinese C) French D) Polish

62. The ICC regulated which field?

A) Railroads B) Oil C) Banks D) Schools

Part II: Source-Based Mastery Check

Source 17: NYC Narrative

"Boss Tweed used $13 million in taxpayers' money to build a courthouse that cost only $3 million."

63. What practice is described in Source 17?

A) Graft/Corruption B) Philanthropy C) Conservation D) Merit hiring

64. How did machines use these funds?

A) To fund schools B) To maintain power C) To help tribes D) To build RRs

Source 18: Lakota Ghost Dance

"Soldiers fired into the camp... ending the last resistance of the Sioux on the Plains."

65. Source 18 refers to the tragedy at:

A) Wounded Knee B) Little Bighorn C) Gettysburg D) Fort Sumter

66. This event marked the final:

A) Armed resistance B) Gold rush C) Railway link D) Election deal

Source 19: Farmer Manifesto

"We are the producers; the middlemen and bankers take the profit."

67. Farmers in Source 19 formed the:

A) Populist Party B) IWW C) Republican Party D) Whigs

68. They demanded government control of:

A) Railroads/Telegraph B) Schools C) Local farms D) Churches

Source 20: Workingmen Document

"The Chinese labor is a slave labor that degrades our families."

69. Source 20's ideology is known as:

A) Socialism B) Nativism C) Populism D) Philanthropy

70. This led to a "Border Wall" in the form of:

A) Exclusion Acts B) Tariffs C) Treaties D) Embargoes

Source 21: Homestead Map Data

"Settlement density in Kansas tripled between 1870 and 1885."

71. This migration transformed the West into:

A) Agricultural heartland B) Cities C) National parks D) Unsettled area

72. Settlers in Source 21 built houses from:

A) Sod (Dirt/Grass) B) Brick C) Log/Timber D) Steel

Source 22: Bessemer Process

Diagram showing air being blown through molten iron to remove impurities.

73. Source 22 made which material cheap?

A) Steel B) Gold C) Copper D) Iron ore only

74. This allowed for the construction of:

A) Skyscrapers B) Tents C) Cabins D) Sod homes

Source 23: Ida Tarbell Quote

"They have played with loaded dice... alliance with the railroads."

75. Tarbell is exposing practices in:

A) Standard Oil B) Farming C) Schools D) Army

76. Her work led to enforcement of:

A) Antitrust laws B) Dawes Act C) 19th Amend. D) Morrill Act

Primary Source Appendix

End of Gilded Age Mastery Assessment II

38. Labor Movement (10 pts)

• Knights of Labor: All workers (skilled/unskilled), idealistic social reform. AFL: Skilled only, "bread and butter" goals (wages/hours).
• Success: AFL was more focused and avoided radical reputations, whereas Knights declined after Haymarket.

14. A "political machine" during the Gilded Age was primarily focused on:

A) Ending child labor B) Winning votes via graft C) Reforming civil service D) Promoting prohibition

15. The Pendleton Act required what for many federal government jobs?

A) Party membership B) Competitive exams C) Military service D) Wealthy background

Part II: Reform & The West

16. Jane Addams is best known for her work in establishing:

A) AFL-CIO B) Standard Oil Trust C) Settlement houses D) The Populist Party

17. Which Supreme Court case upheld "separate but equal" in 1896?

A) Marbury v. Madison B) Dred Scott C) Plessy v. Ferguson D) Munn v. Illinois

18. Booker T. Washington suggested African Americans should focus on:

A) Political protests B) Vocational training C) Northern migration D) Forming a 3rd party

19. Horatio Alger’s novels promoted the idea of:

A) Radical reform B) "Rags to riches" success C) Class warfare D) Socialist revolution

20. The "Solid South" referred to the region's support for which party?

A) Republicans B) Democrats C) Populists D) Know-Nothings

21. The Homestead Act of 1862 offered:

A) Gold mine claims B) 160 acres of free land C) Railroad factory jobs D) Free cattle herds

22. The Dawes Act of 1887 aimed to:

A) Preserve tribal culture B) Assimilate Native Americans C) End reservation systems D) Promote buffalo hunting

23. The Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869 at:

A) Promontory Point, UT B) Sacramento, CA C) Omaha, NE D) Chicago, IL

24. Farmers were most frustrated by high costs from which industry?

A) Textile mills B) Railroads C) Meatpacking D) Banking only

25. The Populist Party's "Omaha Platform" included a demand for:

A) High tariffs B) Free coinage of silver C) Private railroads D) Gold standard only

26. Who delivered the famous "Cross of Gold" speech?

A) William McKinley B) Grover Cleveland C) William Jennings Bryan D) Teddy Roosevelt

27. The Grange organization originally started as a:

A) Social/educational outlet B) Labor union C) Nativist club D) Mining consortium

28. The 1890 Battle of Wounded Knee marked the end of:

A) Reconstruction B) Armed Native resistance C) The Silver standard D) The Gilded Age

29. Which industry grew rapidly alongside the Railroad in the West?

A) Automobile B) Cattle/Ranching C) Electronics D) Shipbuilding

30. Bimetallism was a policy farmers hoped would cause:

A) Deflation B) Inflation C) Higher tax rates D) Lower crop prices

Part III: Source Analysis

Document A: Andrew Carnegie, 1889

"The man of wealth [should] consider all surplus revenues... as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer in the manner best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for the community."

31. According to Document A, what should a wealthy individual do with their extra money?

32. How does this philosophy (Gospel of Wealth) differ from pure Social Darwinism?

Document B: Nast's "The Brains"

Description: A political cartoon showing Boss Tweed, the head of the Tammany Hall political machine. His head is replaced with a giant money bag filled with gold coins. He wears a tuxedo covered in dollar signs.

33. What specific message was the artist Thomas Nast sending by replacing Tweed's head with a money bag?

34. Why did Tweed famously say he didn't care about newspaper articles, but feared these "pictures"?

Document C: Jacob Riis, 1890

"In a room not thirteen feet square were a father, mother, twelve children, and six boarders. They had no light and no air except from the door to the hallway."

35. Identify one specific social problem revealed in this excerpt from "How the Other Half Lives."

36. What was the ultimate goal of Riis's investigative journalism?

Part IV: Constructive Response

37. Monopolies and Competition (10 pts)

Explain the difference between horizontal and vertical integration. How did these business practices affect American consumers during the Gilded Age?

38. The Farmers' Revolt (10 pts)

Explain why farmers felt "squeezed" by big business. Identify one specific demand of the Populist Party and explain how it was intended to help the common farmer.

*** End of Examination ***

A) Ending child labor B) Winning votes via graft C) Reforming civil service D) Promoting prohibition

15. The Pendleton Act required what for many federal government jobs?

A) Party membership B) Competitive exams C) Military service D) Wealthy background

Part II: Reform, The West, & Politics

16. Jane Addams is best known for her work in establishing:

A) AFL-CIO B) Standard Oil Trust C) Settlement houses D) The Populist Party

17. Which Supreme Court case upheld "separate but equal" in 1896?

A) Marbury v. Madison B) Dred Scott C) Plessy v. Ferguson D) Munn v. Illinois

18. Booker T. Washington suggested African Americans should focus on:

A) Political protests B) Vocational training C) Northern migration D) Forming a 3rd party

19. Horatio Alger’s novels promoted the idea of:

A) Radical reform B) "Rags to riches" success C) Class warfare D) Socialist revolution

20. The "Solid South" referred to the region's support for which party?

A) Republicans B) Democrats C) Populists D) Know-Nothings

21. The Homestead Act of 1862 offered:

A) Gold mine claims B) 160 acres of free land C) Railroad factory jobs D) Free cattle herds

22. The Dawes Act of 1887 aimed to:

A) Preserve tribal culture B) Assimilate Native Americans C) End reservation systems D) Promote buffalo hunting

23. The Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869 at:

A) Promontory Point, UT B) Sacramento, CA C) Omaha, NE D) Chicago, IL

24. Farmers were most frustrated by high costs from which industry?

A) Textile mills B) Railroads C) Meatpacking D) Commercial banking

25. The Populist Party's "Omaha Platform" included a demand for:

A) High tariffs B) Free coinage of silver C) Private railroads D) Gold standard only

26. Who delivered the famous "Cross of Gold" speech?

A) William McKinley B) Grover Cleveland C) William Jennings Bryan D) Teddy Roosevelt

27. The Grange organization originally started as a:

A) Social/educational outlet B) Labor union C) Nativist club D) Mining consortium

28. The 1890 Battle of Wounded Knee marked the end of:

A) Reconstruction B) Armed Native resistance C) The Silver standard D) The Gilded Age

29. Which industry grew rapidly alongside the Railroad in the West?

A) Automobile B) Cattle/Ranching C) Electronics D) Shipbuilding

30. Bimetallism was a policy farmers hoped would cause:

A) Deflation B) Inflation C) Higher tax rates D) Lower crop prices

Part III: Source Analysis

Document A: Andrew Carnegie, 1889

"The man of wealth [should] consider all surplus revenues... as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer in the manner best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for the community."

31. What is the primary duty of a wealthy person according to Carnegie?

32. How does this view contrast with pure Social Darwinism?

Document B: Nast's "The Brains"

Image Description: A famous cartoon of Boss Tweed. His head is a giant money bag; his suit is covered in dollar signs. He stands with his hand in his pocket, looking dominant.

33. What specific criticism is Nast making about William "Boss" Tweed's leadership?

34. Why did political cartoons prove more dangerous to Tweed than newspaper articles?

Document C: Jacob Riis, 1890

"In a room not thirteen feet square were a father, mother, twelve children, and six boarders. They had no light and no air except from the door to the hallway."

35. Identify one specific problem Riis highlights regarding urban tenement life.

36. What response did Riis hope to provoke from his readers?

Part IV: Constructive Response

37. Monopolies and Competition (10 pts)

Explain the difference between horizontal and vertical integration. How did these practices impact consumers and small business owners during the Gilded Age?

38. The Farmers' Revolt (10 pts)

Why did farmers feel "squeezed" by big business? Identify one specific demand of the Populist Party and explain how it was intended to help the common farmer.

*** END OF ASSESSMENT ***

C) Aggressive competition for railroad workers led to extremely high wages.

D) Railroads refused to transport goods to Northern industrial markets.

Table: Percent of U.S. Population (1870–1910)

6. Which factor best explains the demographic change depicted in the table above?

A) The Homestead Act encouraged people to leave cities for farms.

B) New technology and industrial growth increased the demand for workers.

C) A decline in the foreign demand for American agricultural products.

D) The passage of strict immigration quotas limited city population growth.

Stimulus: Nast Cartoon

"In Counting There is Strength" — shows Boss Tweed leaning on a ballot box.

7. Which concern is being expressed in this Thomas Nast political cartoon from 1871?

A) Immigrants were being prevented from voting in local elections.

B) Political machines manipulated elections to maintain their power.

C) Industrial leaders refused to provide funds for political campaigns.

D) Federal legislation had successfully ended all political corruption.

"The federal government will administer open, competitive examinations for testing the fitness of applicants for the public service." — Pendleton Act, 1883

8. Based on the source, what was the primary purpose of this legislation?

A) To increase the authority of the President over the Cabinet.

B) To ensure the competency of government employees and end patronage.

C) To guarantee financial stability for private industrial corporations.

D) To reduce the number of immigrant workers in federal positions.

9. Which statement best describes how the inventions of Thomas Edison changed American life during the Gilded Age?

A) The creation of the telephone allowed for immediate long-distance trade.

B) The invention of the light bulb allowed factories to remain open 24 hours a day.

C) The creation of the refrigerated railcar reduced the price of meat.

D) The development of the assembly line ended the need for factory labor.

10. Madam C.J. Walker is historically significant for being the first female African American self-made millionaire in which industry?

A) Steel manufacturing

B) Cosmetics and hair care

C) Railroad construction

D) Financial banking

11. What was the main motivation behind the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?

A) A desire to encourage trade with European nations instead of Asia.

B) Nativist fears that Chinese immigrants were taking jobs from native-born citizens.

C) A goal to reduce the overcrowding in urban tenements in San Francisco.

D) A requirement from the Chinese government to limit the exit of its citizens.

Social Darwinism

Influenced by Theory of Evolution; "Survival of the Fittest" in business.

?

Social Gospel

Started by Protestant Clergy; focus on helping the urban poor.

12. Which statement best completes the comparison between these two ideologies?

A) Both ideologies encouraged the government to stay out of the economy completely.

B) Both attempted to address the social and economic conditions of the Gilded Age.

C) Both ideologies were rejected by the wealthy "captains of industry."

D) Both were used to justify the use of child labor in Southern textile mills.

Stimulus: Puck Magazine

"The Bosses of the Senate" — shows giant money bags (Trusts) looming over small Senators.

13. What is the primary implication of the "Bosses of the Senate" cartoon regarding U.S. politics?

A) Labor unions had too much influence over the legislative process.

B) Large corporations and trusts exerted undue control over the government.

C) The Senate was effectively protecting the interests of small farmers.

D) Federal taxes on corporations were so high that businesses were failing.

14. Which labor leader played a key role in the formation of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and focused on "pure and simple" unionism?

A) Eugene V. Debs

B) Samuel Gompers

C) Terence Powderly

D) William Jennings Bryan

15. How did the philosophy of W.E.B. Du Bois differ from that of Booker T. Washington?

A) Du Bois wanted focus on agriculture; Washington wanted industrial training.

B) Du Bois demanded immediate political equality; Washington focused on economic self-reliance.

C) Du Bois supported Jim Crow laws; Washington actively fought against them in court.

D) Du Bois encouraged migration to the West; Washington encouraged migration to the North.

"The Grand Jury... found an indictment against John D. Rockefeller... for a conspiracy to oppress and injure those engaged in producing petroleum." — Ida Tarbell, 1904

16. Why did muckrakers like Ida Tarbell publish works such as "The History of the Standard Oil Company"?

A) To promote the use of natural gas over petroleum products.

B) To expose unfair and illegal business practices used to build monopolies.

C) To help the government find more efficient ways to extract oil.

D) To argue that monopolies were necessary for national security.

17. Many immigrants settled in urban "ethnic clusters" during the Gilded Age primarily to:

A) Avoid the influence of political machines.

B) Seek support from people with familiar languages and traditions.

C) Qualify for free land under the Homestead Act.

D) Escape the high taxes found in rural farming communities.

18. The term "Gilded Age" was meant to imply that American society was:

A) Entering a new era of equal distribution of wealth.

B) Suffering from a lack of technological innovation.

C) Prosperous and shiny on the surface but full of corruption underneath.

D) Destined to become a global leader in environmental conservation.

19. In his famous "Cross of Gold" speech, William Jennings Bryan was advocating for:

A) The immediate privatization of all national railroads.

B) The free and unlimited coinage of silver to help debtors.

C) A return to the strict gold standard used before the Civil War.

D) High protective tariffs to encourage industrial growth.

20. The Dawes Act of 1887 fundamentally changed U.S. policy toward Native Americans by:

A) Granting tribes complete sovereignty over reservation lands.

B) Breaking up tribal lands into individual plots to encourage farming.

C) Establishing a permanent boundary between U.S. and tribal territories.

D) Providing federal funds for the preservation of tribal religions.

21. The Sherman Antitrust Act was passed in 1890 primarily to:

A) Protect large corporations from international competition.

B) Prohibit business practices that restricted free trade and competition.

C) Nationalize the railroad and telegraph industries.

D) Provide low-interest loans to start-up businesses in the West.

22. What was the direct result of Thomas Nast’s cartoons exposing the "Tweed Ring"?

A) Boss Tweed was elected to the U.S. Senate.

B) The Tammany Hall political machine gained total control of the state government.

C) Public outrage led to the arrest and imprisonment of William Tweed.

D) New York City abolished the office of Mayor and City Council.

23. During the late 19th century, what was the primary cause for the high rates of industrial accidents in factories?

A) Inadequate safety measures and long working hours.

B) The refusal of workers to use new automated machinery.

C) Government regulations that forced factories to hire unskilled labor.

D) A lack of available raw materials like steel and coal.

24. The innovation of Henry Bessemer contributed most directly to the expansion of which Gilded Age industry?

A) Oil refining

B) Steel production

C) Textile manufacturing

D) Automobile assembly

25. The Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) was significant because it:

A) Declared Jim Crow laws to be unconstitutional.

B) Upheld the "separate but equal" doctrine, legalizing segregation.

C) Granted full citizenship to all people born on U.S. soil.

D) Ended the disenfranchisement of African American voters.

26. Which group was known as "Exodusters" during the late 1870s?

A) European immigrants arriving at Ellis Island.

B) African Americans who migrated from the South to Kansas.

C) Cattle ranchers moving from Texas to Oklahoma.

D) Industrialists who were leaving the Northeast for the "New South."

27. Vertical integration involves a company gaining control of:

A) All competing companies in the same industry.

B) Every step of the production process, from raw materials to distribution.

C) Only the final retail outlets where products are sold.

D) The legislative bodies that regulate its industry.

28. The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 was the first federal attempt to regulate which industry?

A) Oil refining

B) Railroads

C) Banking

D) Steel production

29. Nativism during the Gilded Age was primarily characterized by:

A) Support for the rights of indigenous Native Americans.

B) Prejudice against "New Immigrants" from Southern and Eastern Europe.

C) A desire to expand American territory into Latin America.

D) Advocacy for the total elimination of all government regulations.

30. Horatio Alger’s popular "rags to riches" stories promoted which Gilded Age value?

A) Collective ownership

B) Individual success through hard work

C) Violent class revolution

D) Total reliance on government aid

Part II: Source Analysis

Document A: Jacob Riis, 1890

"The tenements... are the nurseries of crime and the feeders of our prisons... Look at a single case: In a room not thirteen feet square were a father, mother, twelve children, and six boarders. They had no light and no air except from the door to the hallway."

31. Identify two specific social problems described by Jacob Riis in this excerpt.

32. How did investigative works like Riis's "How the Other Half Lives" impact urban policy?

Document B: Andrew Carnegie, 1889

"The man of wealth [should] consider all surplus revenues... as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer in the manner best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for the community."

33. According to Document B, what is the moral obligation of a person with great wealth?

34. Contrast Carnegie’s "Gospel of Wealth" with the ideology of Social Darwinism.

Document C: Nast's "The Brains"

Image Description: A famous cartoon of Boss Tweed. His head is a giant money bag; his suit is covered in dollar signs. He stands with his hand in his pocket, looking dominant.

35. What specific criticism is Nast making about William "Boss" Tweed's leadership?

36. Why were political cartoons a more effective tool against political machines than newspaper text?

Document D: Booker T. Washington, 1895

"Our greatest danger is that in the great leap from slavery to freedom we may overlook the fact that the masses of us are to live by the productions of our hands... it is at the bottom of life we must begin, and not at the top."

37. Based on Document D, what type of education did Washington advocate for African Americans?

38. Why did some civil rights leaders, like W.E.B. Du Bois, disagree with this approach?

Part III: Constructive Response

Item 39: Industry and Competition (10 Points)

Identify two strategies used by Gilded Age industrialists (Robber Barons/Captains of Industry) to consolidate power and eliminate competition. Explain how these strategies impacted the national economy and the common consumer.

Item 40: The Farmers' Challenge (10 Points)

Describe the economic grievances of American farmers during the late 19th century. How did the Populist Party’s "Omaha Platform" propose to solve these problems through monetary policy?

*** END OF EXAMINATION — GILDED AGE UNIT ***

Part III: Short Answer Rubric

39. Industry Strategies (10 pts)

• Strategies: Vertical Integration (control supply chain) and Horizontal Integration (buy competition).
• Impact: Monopolies created extreme wealth for few, eliminated small business choice, but often lowered initial prices through scale.

40. Farmers' Grievances (10 pts)

• Grievances: High railroad rates, low crop prices, high interest debt.
• Solution: Bimetallism (silver standard) to inflate currency, making it easier to pay back fixed-interest debts with "cheaper" dollars.

B) Railroad expansion led to an oversupply of crops and lower food prices.

C) Aggressive competition for railroad workers led to extremely high wages.

D) Railroads refused to transport goods to Northern industrial markets.

Table: Percent of U.S. Population (1870–1910)

6. Which factor best explains the demographic change depicted in the table above?

A) The Homestead Act encouraged people to leave cities for farms.

B) New technology and industrial growth increased the demand for workers.

C) A decline in the foreign demand for American agricultural products.

D) The passage of strict immigration quotas limited city population growth.

Stimulus: Nast Cartoon

"In Counting There is Strength" — shows Boss Tweed leaning on a ballot box.

7. Which concern is being expressed in this Thomas Nast political cartoon from 1871?

A) Immigrants were being prevented from voting in local elections.

B) Political machines manipulated elections to maintain their power.

C) Industrial leaders refused to provide funds for political campaigns.

D) Federal legislation had successfully ended all political corruption.

"The federal government will administer open, competitive examinations for testing the fitness of applicants for the public service." — Pendleton Act, 1883

8. Based on the source, what was the primary purpose of this legislation?

A) To increase the authority of the President over the Cabinet.

B) To reduce the number of immigrant workers in federal positions.

C) To ensure the competency of government employees and end patronage.

D) To guarantee financial stability for private industrial corporations.

9. Which statement best describes how the inventions of Thomas Edison changed American life during the Gilded Age?

A) The creation of the telephone allowed for immediate long-distance trade.

B) The invention of the light bulb allowed factories to remain open 24 hours a day.

C) The creation of the refrigerated railcar reduced the price of meat.

D) The development of the assembly line ended the need for factory labor.

10. Madam C.J. Walker is historically significant for being the first female African American self-made millionaire in which industry?

A) Steel manufacturing

B) Railroad construction

C) Financial banking

D) Cosmetics and hair care

11. What was the main motivation behind the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?

A) A desire to encourage trade with European nations instead of Asia.

B) Nativist fears that Chinese immigrants were taking jobs from native-born citizens.

C) A goal to reduce the overcrowding in urban tenements in San Francisco.

D) A requirement from the Chinese government to limit the exit of its citizens.

Social Darwinism

Influenced by Theory of Evolution; "Survival of the Fittest" in business.

?

Social Gospel

Started by Protestant Clergy; focus on helping the urban poor.

12. Which statement best completes the comparison between these two ideologies?

A) Both ideologies encouraged the government to stay out of the economy completely.

B) Both ideologies were rejected by the wealthy "captains of industry."

C) Both attempted to address the social and economic conditions of the Gilded Age.

D) Both were used to justify the use of child labor in Southern textile mills.

Stimulus: Puck Magazine

"The Bosses of the Senate" — shows giant money bags (Trusts) looming over small Senators.

13. What is the primary implication of the "Bosses of the Senate" cartoon regarding U.S. politics?

A) Large corporations and trusts exerted undue control over the government.

B) Labor unions had too much influence over the legislative process.

C) The Senate was effectively protecting the interests of small farmers.

D) Federal taxes on corporations were so high that businesses were failing.

14. Which labor leader played a key role in the formation of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and focused on "pure and simple" unionism?

A) Eugene V. Debs

B) Samuel Gompers

C) Terence Powderly

D) William Jennings Bryan

15. How did the philosophy of W.E.B. Du Bois differ from that of Booker T. Washington?

A) Du Bois wanted focus on agriculture; Washington wanted industrial training.

B) Du Bois supported Jim Crow laws; Washington actively fought against them in court.

C) Du Bois demanded immediate political equality; Washington focused on economic self-reliance.

D) Du Bois encouraged migration to the West; Washington encouraged migration to the North.

"The Grand Jury... found an indictment against John D. Rockefeller... for a conspiracy to oppress and injure those engaged in producing petroleum." — Ida Tarbell, 1904

16. Why did muckrakers like Ida Tarbell publish works such as "The History of the Standard Oil Company"?

A) To promote the use of natural gas over petroleum products.

B) To expose unfair and illegal business practices used to build monopolies.

C) To help the government find more efficient ways to extract oil.

D) To argue that monopolies were necessary for national security.

17. Many immigrants settled in urban "ethnic clusters" during the Gilded Age primarily to:

A) Avoid the influence of political machines.

B) Seek support from people with familiar languages and traditions.

C) Qualify for free land under the Homestead Act.

D) Escape the high taxes found in rural farming communities.

18. The term "Gilded Age" was meant to imply that American society was:

A) Entering a new era of equal distribution of wealth.

B) Suffering from a lack of technological innovation.

C) Prosperous and shiny on the surface but full of corruption underneath.

D) Destined to become a global leader in environmental conservation.

19. In his famous "Cross of Gold" speech, William Jennings Bryan was advocating for:

A) The free and unlimited coinage of silver to help debtors.

B) The immediate privatization of all national railroads.

C) A return to the strict gold standard used before the Civil War.

D) High protective tariffs to encourage industrial growth.

20. The Dawes Act of 1887 fundamentally changed U.S. policy toward Native Americans by:

A) Granting tribes complete sovereignty over reservation lands.

B) Breaking up tribal lands into individual plots to encourage farming.

C) Establishing a permanent boundary between U.S. and tribal territories.

D) Providing federal funds for the preservation of tribal religions.

21. The Sherman Antitrust Act was passed in 1890 primarily to:

A) Protect large corporations from international competition.

B) Prohibit business practices that restricted free trade and competition.

C) Nationalize the railroad and telegraph industries.

D) Provide low-interest loans to start-up businesses in the West.

22. What was the direct result of Thomas Nast’s cartoons exposing the "Tweed Ring"?

A) Boss Tweed was elected to the U.S. Senate.

B) The Tammany Hall political machine gained total control of the state government.

C) Public outrage led to the arrest and imprisonment of William Tweed.

D) New York City abolished the office of Mayor and City Council.

23. During the late 19th century, what was the primary cause for the high rates of industrial accidents in factories?

A) Inadequate safety measures and long working hours.

B) The refusal of workers to use new automated machinery.

C) Government regulations that forced factories to hire unskilled labor.

D) A lack of available raw materials like steel and coal.

24. The innovation of Henry Bessemer contributed most directly to the expansion of which Gilded Age industry?

A) Steel production

B) Oil refining

C) Textile manufacturing

D) Automobile assembly

25. The Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) was significant because it:

A) Declared Jim Crow laws to be unconstitutional.

B) Upheld the "separate but equal" doctrine, legalizing segregation.

C) Granted full citizenship to all people born on U.S. soil.

D) Ended the disenfranchisement of African American voters.

26. Which group was known as "Exodusters" during the late 1870s?

A) European immigrants arriving at Ellis Island.

B) African Americans who migrated from the South to Kansas.

C) Cattle ranchers moving from Texas to Oklahoma.

D) Industrialists who were leaving the Northeast for the "New South."

27. Vertical integration involves a company gaining control of:

A) All competing companies in the same industry.

B) Every step of the production process, from raw materials to distribution.

C) Only the final retail outlets where products are sold.

D) The legislative bodies that regulate its industry.

28. The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 was the first federal attempt to regulate which industry?

A) Oil refining

B) Railroads

C) Banking

D) Steel production

29. Nativism during the Gilded Age was primarily characterized by:

A) Support for the rights of indigenous Native Americans.

B) Prejudice against "New Immigrants" from Southern and Eastern Europe.

C) A desire to expand American territory into Latin America.

D) Advocacy for the total elimination of all government regulations.

30. Horatio Alger’s popular "rags to riches" stories promoted which Gilded Age value?

A) Individual success through hard work

B) Collective ownership

C) Violent class revolution

D) Total reliance on government aid

Part II: Source Analysis

Document A: Jacob Riis, 1890

"The tenements... are the nurseries of crime and the feeders of our prisons... Look at a single case: In a room not thirteen feet square were a father, mother, twelve children, and six boarders. They had no light and no air except from the door to the hallway."

31. Identify two specific social problems described by Jacob Riis in this excerpt.

32. How did investigative works like Riis's "How the Other Half Lives" impact urban policy?

Document B: Andrew Carnegie, 1889

"The man of wealth [should] consider all surplus revenues... as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer in the manner best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for the community."

33. According to Document B, what is the moral obligation of a person with great wealth?

34. Contrast Carnegie’s "Gospel of Wealth" with the ideology of Social Darwinism.

Document C: Nast's "The Brains"

Image Description: A famous cartoon of Boss Tweed. His head is a giant money bag; his suit is covered in dollar signs. He stands with his hand in his pocket, looking dominant.

35. What specific criticism is Nast making about William "Boss" Tweed's leadership?

36. Why were political cartoons a more effective tool against political machines than newspaper text?

Document D: Booker T. Washington, 1895

"Our greatest danger is that in the great leap from slavery to freedom we may overlook the fact that the masses of us are to live by the productions of our hands... it is at the bottom of life we must begin, and not at the top."

37. Based on Document D, what type of education did Washington advocate for African Americans?

38. Why did some civil rights leaders, like W.E.B. Du Bois, disagree with this approach?

Part III: Constructive Response

Item 39: Industry and Competition (10 Points)

Identify two strategies used by Gilded Age industrialists (Robber Barons/Captains of Industry) to consolidate power and eliminate competition. Explain how these strategies impacted the national economy and the common consumer.

Item 40: The Farmers' Challenge (10 Points)

Describe the economic grievances of American farmers during the late 19th century. How did the Populist Party’s "Omaha Platform" propose to solve these problems through monetary policy?

*** END OF EXAMINATION — GILDED AGE UNIT ***

39. Industry Strategies (10 pts)

• Strategies: Vertical Integration (supply chain) and Horizontal Integration (monopoly/buying competition).
• Impact: Concentrated wealth; eliminated choice; created "Gilded" elite while squeezing workers/small business.

40. Farmers' Grievances (10 pts)

• Grievances: High rail shipping rates, falling crop prices, debt with high interest.
• Omaha Platform: Bimetallism (silver coinage) to inflate currency and ease debt repayment.

6. Why did Theodore Roosevelt earn a reputation for "trust busting" during his presidency?

A) He abolished the federal income tax to help large corporations.

B) He used the Sherman Antitrust Act to break up harmful monopolies.

C) He ordered the military to stop labor union strikes in the North.

D) He privatized the national parks to encourage industrial competition.

Consumer Reform

7. Theodore Roosevelt pushed for the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) primarily in response to:

A) High prices for imported medicine from Europe.

B) Upton Sinclair’s exposure of the meatpacking industry in "The Jungle."

C) A decline in the number of qualified doctors in the West.

D) Demands from the Populist Party for government-run grocery stores.

Progressive Political Tools

• Initiative: Citizens can propose a law.
• Referendum: Citizens can vote to approve or reject a law.
• Recall: Citizens can remove an elected official from office.

8. What was the common goal of these three Progressive Era political reforms?

A) To increase direct democracy and accountability to the voters.

B) To strengthen the control of political machines over city voters.

C) To reduce the number of citizens eligible to vote in state elections.

D) To allow large corporations to choose who serves in the state legislature.

9. The creation of the Federal Reserve System during the Wilson administration was designed to:

A) Regulate the national supply of money and the banking system.

B) Provide land grants to farmers in the Great Plains.

C) Act as a permanent strike-breaking force for the government.

D) Collect the newly legalized federal income tax.

Political Milestone

10. Tennessee played a pivotal role in the constitutional history of the United States because it was the state that:

A) Provided the 36th vote needed to ratify the 17th Amendment.

B) Produced the highest number of muckraking journalists per capita.

C) Cast the final vote required to ratify the 19th Amendment for women's suffrage.

D) Was the 36th state to join the Union after the Civil War.

11. Supporters of the Social Gospel movement would most likely have supported which of the following?

A) Unregulated child labor to help family income.

B) The total elimination of public welfare programs.

C) Better housing and improved conditions for the urban poor.

D) Using the concept of "Survival of the Fittest" to justify monopolies.

12. Why did some critics of the Gilded Age refer to business leaders as "Robber Barons"?

A) They stole technology from European inventors.

B) They used unfair business practices to destroy competition.

C) They encouraged the government to spend too much on railroads.

D) They refused to pay any taxes on their personal wealth.

13. Which muckraker’s work led to the direct dismantling of the Standard Oil monopoly?

A) Jacob Riis

B) Ida Tarbell

C) Upton Sinclair

D) Lincoln Steffens

14. Theodore Roosevelt’s "Square Deal" was based on the belief that the government should:

A) Balance the interests of labor, business, and consumers.

B) Always side with business owners in labor disputes.

C) Nationalize all major industries like steel and oil.

D) Only protect the interests of the wealthy elite.

15. The 17th Amendment changed the U.S. government by allowing for:

A) The direct election of U.S. Senators by the people.

B) The appointment of judges based on competitive exams.

C) The creation of a national park system.

D) The legal use of income taxes to fund the military.

16. The Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) was a victory for the Labor Movement because it:

A) Outlawed all labor unions in the United States.

B) Stated that unions were not illegal monopolies and could not be sued as such.

C) Required all factory workers to have a college education.

D) Lowered the minimum wage to encourage more hiring.

17. Which Tennessee individual was a key leader in the women’s suffrage movement and played a vital role in the ratification of the 19th Amendment?

A) Harry Burn

B) Anne Dallas Dudley

C) Alvin C. York

D) Cordell Hull

18. The Niagara Movement, led by W.E.B. Du Bois, eventually evolved into which civil rights organization?

A) The Urban League

B) The NAACP

C) The Populist Party

D) The Knights of Labor

"I seen my duty and I done it. I was in a room thirteen feet square... the air was so thick you could cut it with a knife." — Tenement Resident, 1892

19. Based on the excerpt, which reform was most aimed at fixing the issues of urban housing?

A) The Sherman Antitrust Act

B) The New York State Tenement House Act

C) The Federal Reserve Act

D) The Homestead Act

20. J.P. Morgan is best known for his role in which industry during the Gilded Age?

A) Agriculture

B) Finance and Banking

C) Cosmetics

D) Automobile production

21. The phrase "The Gilded Age" was meant to describe an American society that was:

A) Actually gold all the way through.

B) Failing because of too many farmers.

C) Shiny on top but covering up corruption underneath.

D) Destined to return to British rule.

22. Which amendment granted women the right to vote in 1920?

A) 16th

B) 17th

C) 18th

D) 19th

23. Theodore Roosevelt’s conservation efforts led to the creation of:

A) The Department of Labor.

B) The U.S. Forest Service.

C) The standard oil company.

D) The Federal Reserve.

24. Andrew Carnegie’s "Gospel of Wealth" argued that wealthy people should:

A) Keep all their money for their children.

B) Give it to the government to pay off the debt.

C) Act as trustees and use it to benefit the public.

D) Spend it on luxury items to stimulate the economy.

25. Which muckraker’s book The Shame of the Cities exposed political corruption in municipal governments?

A) Lincoln Steffens

B) Ida Tarbell

C) Upton Sinclair

D) Jacob Riis

26. Woodrow Wilson’s New Freedom platform primarily aimed to:

A) Increase tariffs to protect American business.

B) Support the expansion of the military.

C) Restore economic competition by lowering tariffs and breaking trusts.

D) Eliminate the 19th Amendment.

27. Harry Burn is remembered in Tennessee history for:

A) Voting against women’s suffrage.

B) Exposing the corruption of Boss Tweed.

C) Changing his vote to support the 19th Amendment at a critical moment.

D) Being the youngest Senator in Tennessee history.

28. Which industry was most transformed by the Bessemer Process?

A) Cotton

B) Oil

C) Steel

D) Automobiles

29. The Meat Inspection Act was a direct result of which investigative work?

A) How the Other Half Lives

B) The History of Standard Oil

C) The Jungle

D) The Shame of the Cities

30. A monopoly is characterized by:

A) High competition among many small businesses.

B) Government ownership of all factories.

C) A single company controlling an entire industry.

D) A total lack of any technology or innovation.

Part II: Documentary Analysis

Document A: Nast Cartoon

Image Description: Thomas Nast’s "The Brains," showing Boss Tweed with a large money bag in place of a head, representing the corruption of the Tammany Hall political machine.

31. What is the artist’s primary criticism of William "Boss" Tweed in Document A?

32. How did political machines maintain control over urban populations during this era?

Document B: Woodrow Wilson, 1913

"We have been proud of our industrial achievements, but we have not hitherto stopped thoughtfully enough to count the human cost... The great Government we loved has too often been made use of for private and selfish purposes."

33. According to Document B, what does Wilson mean by the "human cost" of industry?

34. Identify one law passed during the Progressive Era that attempted to address these "selfish purposes."

Document C: Anne Dallas Dudley, Nashville, 1920

"We are no longer petitioners at the feet of power. We are the power... Tennessee will not fail the women of America."

35. Based on Document C, what constitutional milestone was Dudley anticipating?

36. Why was Tennessee’s role in this event historically significant for the suffrage movement?

Part III: Constructive Response

Item 37: Industrial Titans (10 Points)

Contrast the business strategies of Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller. Explain how one of these men could be defended as a "Captain of Industry" despite their monopoly power.

Item 38: The Impact of Muckrakers (10 Points)

Describe the impact of muckraking journalism on American society. Select one specific individual (Sinclair, Riis, or Tarbell) and explain how their work led to a specific government reform.

*** END OF EXAMINATION ***

11. What urban issue is Riis describing in this source?

A) Suburban sprawl B) Overcrowding and poverty C) Lack of transportation

12. Riis was a member of which Progressive group?

A) Industrialists B) Muckrakers C) Nativists D) Social Darwinists

13. Which reform was a direct result of this kind of reporting?

A) Sherman Act B) Tenement House Laws C) Federal Reserve D) Dawes Act

14. What technology did Riis use to make his message more powerful?

A) Radio B) Telegraph C) Flash Photography D) Motion Pictures

Source 4: Anti-Immigrant Flyer

"The Chinese Must Go!" — showing a wall with the words "Exclusion Act" being built.

15. Source 4 represents the sentiment of which group?

A) Populists B) Nativists C) Industrialists D) Suffragists

16. What was the primary motivation for the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?

A) National security B) Fear of job competition C) Religious differences

17. Which region of Europe did "New Immigrants" primarily come from after 1880?

A) North/West B) South/East C) Scandinavia D) British Isles

Source 5: "The Lion Tamer"

Roosevelt with a whip labeled 'Sherman Act' standing in a cage of lions labeled 'Trusts'.

18. What policy of Theodore Roosevelt is being depicted in Source 5?

A) Conservation B) Trust Busting C) Isolationism D) High Tariffs

19. Which law did Roosevelt use to "tame the lions" in this source?

A) Pendleton Act B) Sherman Antitrust Act C) Homestead Act D) 19th Amendment

20. What was Roosevelt's "Square Deal" intended to do?

A) Help owners only B) Balance labor, business, and consumers C) Ban all business

Source 6: U.S. Census Bureau

21. What trend is clearly shown in Source 6?

A) Urbanization B) Depopulation C) Rural growth D) Westward migration only

22. Which factor most contributed to the change shown in 1920?

A) The Civil War B) Industrialization and jobs C) Better farming tools

23. Jane Addams addressed the effects of this trend by opening:

A) Steel mills B) Settlement houses C) Oil refineries D) Banks

"Rockefeller has systematically played with loaded dice... he has secured an alliance with the railroads which gave him an advantage over all competitors." — Ida Tarbell, 1904

24. What business practice is Tarbell criticizing in this source?

A) Philanthropy B) Unfair railroad rebates C) Employee safety D) High taxes

25. Tarbell's work led to the breakup of which company?

A) U.S. Steel B) Standard Oil C) Ford Motor Co. D) Union Pacific RR

26. Tarbell is an example of a:

A) Industrialist B) Muckraker C) Politician D) Nativist

"The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof..." — U.S. Constitution

27. Which amendment is quoted in this source?

A) 16th B) 17th C) 18th D) 19th

28. What was the Progressive goal of this amendment?

A) To fund schools B) To reduce corruption in the Senate C) To ban alcohol

"It is at the bottom of life we must begin." — Washington

"We want full manhood suffrage, and we want it now." — Du Bois

29. Booker T. Washington advocated for African Americans to focus first on:

A) Voting rights B) Vocational training C) Northern migration D) Protests

30. W.E.B. Du Bois criticized Washington for being too:

A) Radical B) Accommodating to white society C) Focused on the NAACP

31. Which organization was founded by Du Bois and his supporters?

A) The Grange B) NAACP C) AFL D) Knights of Labor

"There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust... where the men had stepped and spit." — The Jungle, 1906

32. This source led to the passage of which law?

A) Sherman Act B) Meat Inspection Act C) Pendleton Act D) 17th Amendment

33. Sinclair's primary purpose for writing this book was to:

A) Promote meat B) Expose labor exploitation and poor conditions C) Help banks

34. Which president met with Sinclair and pushed for reforms?

A) Wilson B) Taft C) Theodore Roosevelt D) McKinley

Source 7: Ratification Map

36 States Required. Tennessee labeled as "The Perfect 36."

35. Why was Tennessee called "The Perfect 36"?

A) 36 people voted B) It was the final state needed to ratify C) It had 36 cities

36. Which constitutional milestone was achieved in this moment?

A) Prohibition B) Women's Suffrage C) Direct Election D) Income Tax

37. Who changed his vote to support suffrage after a letter from his mother?

A) Cordell Hull B) Harry Burn C) Andrew Johnson D) J.P. Morgan

AFL: Skilled Workers Only

Knights: All Workers (Unskilled/Skilled)

38. Which organization was more successful in the long run?

A) Knights of Labor B) American Federation of Labor (AFL)

39. Who led the AFL during its rise to power?

A) Terence Powderly B) Samuel Gompers C) Eugene Debs D) Boss Tweed

40. What was a major "bread and butter" goal of labor unions?

A) Higher taxes B) Shorter hours and higher wages C) No government laws

U.S. Federal Reserve Note

41. The Federal Reserve was created under which president to regulate the economy?

A) Roosevelt B) Taft C) Wilson D) Cleveland

42. What was the primary goal of the "New Freedom" platform?

A) Expand monopolies B) Restore competition C) Ban voting D) Increase tariffs

Source 8: Prohibition Flyer

"Lips that touch liquor shall not touch ours."

43. Source 8 advocated for which constitutional change?

A) 16th B) 17th C) 18th D) 19th

44. This movement was largely led by:

A) Industrialists B) Women and Clergy C) Railroad Workers D) Muckrakers

45. What was a major unintended consequence of this amendment?

A) Higher taxes B) Rise of organized crime C) Increase in labor unions

Source 9: National Parks Established 1901-1909

46. Theodore Roosevelt's policy depicted in Source 9 is known as:

A) Expansionism B) Conservation C) Consumerism D) Integration

47. Roosevelt established which agency to manage these lands?

A) FBI B) FDA C) U.S. Forest Service D) Federal Reserve

48. Roosevelt believed natural resources should be:

A) Sold to the highest bidder B) Managed for the common good C) Left completely untouched

Source 10: Lewis Hine Photo

Young boys working in a coal mine, covered in dust, holding lunch pails.

49. What issue was the photographer Lewis Hine exposing in Source 10?

A) Overproduction B) Child Labor C) Farm Debt D) Immigration

50. Progressives argued that this practice was harmful because it:

A) Raised wages B) Deprived children of education and health C) Helped factories

51. Which amendment eventually allowed the government to collect income tax?

A) 16th B) 17th C) 18th D) 19th

"We demand free and unlimited coinage of silver and gold at the present legal ratio of 16 to 1." — Omaha Platform, 1892

52. This demand was a key part of which political party's platform?

A) Republican B) Democrat C) Populist D) Federalist

53. Why did farmers want the free coinage of silver?

A) To lower taxes B) To cause inflation and ease debt C) To buy more gold

54. Which orator gave the "Cross of Gold" speech supporting this idea?

A) William McKinley B) William Jennings Bryan C) Teddy Roosevelt

55. Social Darwinists believed that monopolies were:

A) Evil B) A natural result of superior talent C) Illegal D) Temporary

56. "Industrial Grit" refers to the harsh conditions faced by:

A) Wealthy titans B) Urban laborers and immigrants C) Cowboys D) Politicians

57. The "Titan Tussle" between Carnegie and Rockefeller was primarily about:

A) Space travel B) Market dominance C) Helping the poor

58. Which muckraker exposed municipal corruption in "The Shame of the Cities"?

A) Riis B) Steffens C) Tarbell D) Sinclair

59. The 16th Amendment was supported by Progressives because it:

A) Banned alcohol B) Taxed high incomes fairly C) Gave women votes

60. Madam C.J. Walker built her hair care empire despite which conditions?

A) High tariffs B) Jim Crow and prejudice C) Lack of oil D) Steel shortages

61. Which act required federal employees to be hired based on merit?

A) Sherman Act B) Pendleton Act C) Clayton Act D) Dawes Act

62. Vertical integration means controlling:

A) One step of production B) All steps of production C) No steps

Part II: Documentary Analysis

Document A: Nast Cartoon

Image Description: Boss Tweed and his associates pointing in a circle at each other. Caption: "Who stole the people's money? 'Twas him."

63. What system of government corruption is Nast satirizing in Document A?

64. How did political machines use "graft" to enrich themselves?

Document B: Dudley, 1920

"We have a mother's right to have a voice in the laws that govern our children... Tennessee must not fail."

65. What specific right is Dudley advocating for in Document B?

66. Why was the "Perfect 36" ratification in Nashville considered a turning point?

Document C: Woodrow Wilson, 1913

"The great Government we loved has too often been made use of for private and selfish purposes... We shall restore, not destroy."

67. What are the "private and selfish purposes" Wilson is referring to?

68. Identify one law from Wilson's "Progressive Legacy" that aimed to restore competition.

Document D: Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906

"An Act for preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous... foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors."

69. How did this law change the relationship between the government and the economy?

70. Which muckraking book was the primary catalyst for this law?

Document E: Niagara Movement Declaration, 1905

"We refuse to allow the impression to remain that the Negro-American assents to inferiority, is submissive under oppression and apologetic before insults."

71. How does this document differ from the views of Booker T. Washington?

72. This movement's demand for civil rights led to the formation of which organization?

Part III: Constructive Response

Item 73: Industrial Dominance (10 Points)

Explain the difference between vertical integration and horizontal integration. Provide a historical example of a "titan" who used one of these strategies and explain how it helped them achieve a monopoly.

Item 74: A Clash of Ideals (10 Points)

Compare and contrast Social Darwinism with the Social Gospel. How did each of these ideologies attempt to explain or solve the poverty and inequality of the Gilded Age?

Item 75: The Power of the Muckrakers (10 Points)

Select one muckraker from your studies (Tarbell, Riis, Sinclair, or Steffens). Describe the specific problem they exposed and explain the resulting government reform that fixed it.

Item 76: The Path to Suffrage (10 Points)

Why was Tennessee's role in the ratification of the 19th Amendment considered so unique and "perfect"? Include details about a specific individual or event in Nashville during the summer of 1920.

*** END OF EXAMINATION ***

65-66. Dudley / Suffrage (US.20):

The 19th Amendment. TN was the 36th state (the "Perfect 36") needed for constitutional ratification, decided by one vote in the TN House.

67-68. Wilson / Economic Reform (US.19):

Selfish purposes refer to monopolies and special interest control. Federal Reserve Act or Clayton Antitrust Act addressed these.

69-70. Consumer Safety (US.17):

Shifted government from laissez-faire to consumer regulation. Sinclair's "The Jungle" was the primary catalyst.

71-72. Du Bois / Civil Rights (US.15):

Du Bois demanded immediate rights/suffrage, rejecting Washington's gradualism. Led to the formation of the NAACP.

Part III: Constructive Response Rubric

73. Industrial Integration (US.12) (10 pts)

• Vertical: Controlling supply chain (mines/RR/mills). Horizontal: Buying all competitors.
• Example: Rockefeller (Standard Oil) used horizontal buyouts to create a national monopoly.

74. Social Philosophies (US.11) (10 pts)

• Darwinism: Survival of the fittest; justifies inequality. Social Gospel: Moral duty to help poor; reform society.

75. Muckraker Impact (US.16) (10 pts)

• Example: Ida Tarbell -> Standard Oil breakup. Riis -> Housing laws. Sinclair -> Food laws.

76. Tennessee Suffrage (US.20) (10 pts)

• TN was the 36th state; Harry Burn's "mother's letter" broke the tie in Nashville.

Educational Use & Search Links:

Instructors may access digital versions of these documents via the Library of Congress (loc.gov) or National Archives (archives.gov) using the search titles provided in the index above. Most visual elements used in this assessment are sourced from public domain collections.

A) High shipping rates B) Lack of trains C) Too many tracks

12. Which group was formed by farmers to lobby for regulated rail rates?

A) AFL B) The Grange C) Nativists D) Whigs

13. The first federal agency to regulate business (specifically railroads) was:

A) FBI B) Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) C) Federal Reserve

14. What political party grew out of this "Railroad Rebel" movement?

A) Socialist Party B) Populist Party C) Federalist Party

U.S. Patent No. 223,898

Thomas A. Edison, 1880

15. How did the invention shown above impact industrial factory work?

A) It made it seasonal. B) It allowed for 24-hour production shifts.

16. Which Gilded Age inventor is credited with the telephone?

A) Latimer B) Alexander Graham Bell C) Tesla D) Ford

17. Lewis Latimer is significant for improving what component of the lightbulb?

A) The glass B) The carbon filament C) The base D) The battery

18. These "New Horizons" in technology primarily led to the growth of:

A) Small farms B) Urban centers and large factories C) Tribal lands

Source: "New York City Under Tweed's Thumb"

A giant thumb crushing New York City Hall.

19. The "City Hall Hustle" was characteristic of which Gilded Age organization?

A) Labor Unions B) Political Machines C) Nativist Clubs

20. Political machines gained power over immigrant populations by providing:

A) College degrees B) Jobs and housing in exchange for votes C) Land grants

21. The "kickback" or "graft" refers to:

A) A boxing move B) Illegal money taken from overpriced city contracts

22. Who was the cartoonist who helped bring down Boss Tweed?

A) Jacob Riis B) Thomas Nast C) Ida Tarbell D) Lewis Hine

"The growth of a large business is merely a survival of the fittest... the American Beauty rose can be produced only by sacrificing the early buds which grow up around it." — John D. Rockefeller

23. Rockefeller's quote provides a justification for:

A) Competition B) Monopolies and trusts C) Minimum wage laws

24. These "Industrial Titans" were criticized by some as:

A) Captains of Industry B) Robber Barons C) Muckrakers

25. Which law was passed in 1890 to regulate these trusts?

A) Pendleton Act B) Sherman Antitrust Act C) Clayton Act

26. Cornelius Vanderbilt made his fortune in which industry?

A) Oil B) Steel C) Railroads D) Banking

27. Which religion was more common among the "New" Immigrants?

A) Protestant B) Catholic/Jewish C) Buddhist

28. Most "New" Immigrants arriving on the East Coast were processed at:

A) Angel Island B) Ellis Island C) Statue of Liberty

"Be it enacted... that from and after the expiration of ninety days... the coming of Chinese laborers to the United States... is hereby suspended." — May 6, 1882

29. The document above is known as the:

A) Dawes Act B) Chinese Exclusion Act C) Pendleton Act

30. This was the first federal law that:

A) Banned child labor B) Restricted immigration based on ethnicity/race

31. Nativists on the West Coast supported this because they feared:

A) War with China B) Competition for jobs C) Spread of Catholicism

Source: Wounded Knee Massacre, 1890

U.S. soldiers standing over a mass grave of Lakota Sioux.

32. Wounded Knee is historically significant as the:

A) Start of the Indian Wars B) End of armed Native resistance on the Plains

33. What ritual was being practiced by the Lakota that frightened the U.S. Army?

A) Sun Dance B) Ghost Dance C) Rain Dance D) War Dance

34. Native American children were sent to Carlisle Indian School to:

A) Learn tribal skills B) Assimilate to American culture

Voter Receipt: $1.00 Poll Tax

State of Tennessee, 1890

35. The artifact in Source 11 was used to disenfranchise which group?

A) Industrialists B) African Americans and poor whites C) Native Americans

36. These laws were part of a legal system in the South known as:

A) The New Deal B) Jim Crow C) Laissez-Faire D) The Grange

37. The "Grandfather Clause" was designed to:

A) Help all voters B) Protect poor white voters from disenfranchisement laws

1892 Election Map

Strong Populist Support in West/South

38. The Populist Party platform was primarily written in:

A) Nashville, TN B) Omaha, NE C) Washington, DC

39. Populists supported bimetallism because it would:

A) Lower prices B) Inflate the currency and help debtors

40. One Populist demand that was not eventually adopted was:

A) Direct election of Senators B) Government ownership of railroads

Bessemer Converter Diagram

41. The innovation shown above made the mass production of what possible?

A) Automobiles B) High-quality Steel C) Refined Oil D) Cotton

42. What urban structures were made possible by this cheaper steel?

A) Log cabins B) Skyscrapers C) Tenements only D) Sod houses

"Every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among the several States... is hereby declared to be illegal." — 1890

43. The text above is from the:

A) Clayton Act B) Sherman Antitrust Act C) Interstate Commerce Act

44. A "Trust" was a business arrangement where:

A) Many companies were run by a single board. B) Workers owned the factory.

45. This act was initially used against which group instead of monopolies?

A) Nativists B) Labor Unions C) Farmers D) Bankers

"No person... has any right to use his official authority... to coerce the political action of any person or body." — Civil Service Commission Report

46. The Pendleton Act was passed to end which practice?

A) Vertical integration B) The Spoils System C) Jim Crow laws

47. Under the Pendleton Act, government jobs were given based on:

A) Political loyalty B) Merit and exam scores C) Wealth D) Family ties

48. Which president's assassination led to the passage of this law?

A) Lincoln B) Garfield C) McKinley D) Cleveland

Source: The Golden Spike, 1869

Union Pacific and Central Pacific crews meeting in Utah.

49. The completion of this railroad most directly led to:

A) The end of the Civil War B) A national market and rapid Western growth

50. Which immigrant group provided most of the labor for the Central Pacific?

A) Irish B) Chinese C) German D) Italian

51. The railroad companies received government support in the form of:

A) Tax cuts only B) Massive land grants C) Free steel D) Slaves

"Japan will not issue passports, good for the Continental United States, to laborers... whether skilled or unskilled." — Diplomatic Record, 1907

52. This informal arrangement was known as the:

A) Open Door Policy B) Gentlemen’s Agreement C) Treaty of Paris

53. The agreement was reached between the U.S. and which nation?

A) China B) Japan C) Germany D) Russia

54. It was intended to reduce tensions caused by segregation in:

A) New York B) San Francisco schools C) Chicago meat plants

55. Which industry was most transformed by John D. Rockefeller?

A) Steel B) Oil C) Railroads D) Banking

56. "The Great Betrayal" of 1877 primarily harmed which group?

A) Industrialists B) Southern African Americans C) Native Americans

57. The Credit Mobilier scandal involved corruption in which industry?

A) Oil B) Railroads C) Steel D) Meatpacking

58. Nativism was a movement that favored:

A) New Immigrants B) Native-born Americans C) Native Americans

59. Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce is famous for saying:

A) "Give me liberty" B) "I will fight no more forever"

60. Vertical integration involves owning:

A) The competition B) The entire supply chain C) No factories

61. Alexander Graham Bell’s invention allowed for:

A) Fast travel B) Long-distance voice communication

62. The "Solid South" refers to consistent support for which party?

A) Republican B) Democrat C) Populist

Part II: Documentary Analysis

Document A: Nast Cartoon

Image Description: Boss Tweed standing next to a ballot box that says "In Counting There is Strength."

63. What specific message was Nast sending about the integrity of Gilded Age elections?

64. How did the "City Hall Hustle" use these methods to maintain political control?

Document B: Chief Joseph, 1877

"My people, some of them, have run away to the hills... I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever."

65. What historical process led to the "Broken Promises" described by Chief Joseph?

66. How does this surrender mark the beginning of the "Sovereignty Stripped" era for Plains tribes?

Document C: Granger Poster

"I PAY FOR ALL!" — showing a farmer supporting a merchant, a lawyer, and a railroad owner.

67. What was the central economic grievance of the "Railroad Rebels" in the 1880s?

68. Identify one legal victory (state or federal) achieved by the Granger movement.

Document D: Workingmen's Party Manifesto, 1878

"We have made no war of races. We ask only that the Chinese be sent back... as they take the bread from the mouths of our families."

69. How does Document D justify the "Border Walls" of the exclusion era?

70. Contrast the "Open Doors" for European immigrants at Ellis Island with the experience of Asian immigrants.

Part III: Constructive Response

Item 71: The Great Betrayal (10 Points)

Explain the political compromise that ended Reconstruction in 1877. Why do many historians refer to this as a "betrayal" of African Americans in the South?

Item 72: Westward Bound (10 Points)

Select two factors (Homestead Act, Transcontinental Railroad, or Gold Rushes) and explain how they contributed to the rapid settlement of the American West after 1865.

Item 73: Industrial Titans (10 Points)

Explain how "New Horizons" in technology allowed men like Rockefeller and Carnegie to build monopolies. Describe one specific business strategy used by these "Titans."

Item 74: City Hall Hustle (10 Points)

Describe the relationship between urban political machines and the "New Immigrant" population. How did this relationship both help and harm the city?

*** END OF ASSESSMENT — GILDED AGE II ***

65-66. Chief Joseph / Surrender (US.05):

Broken treaties and forced removal. Surrender led to reservation life and the "Stripping" of sovereignty through the Dawes Act's individual land plots.

67-68. The Grange / Farmer Grievances (US.06):

High railroad rates; farmers paid for all wealth while others profited. Victories included Granger Laws (e.g., Munn v. Illinois) and the creation of the ICC.

69-70. Chinese Exclusion / Comparison (US.10):

Justified by economic fear of job competition. Europeans were processed (Ellis) while Chinese were excluded or heavily interrogated (Angel Island).

Part III: Constructive Response Rubric

71. The Great Betrayal (US.01) (10 pts)

• Compromise of 1877: Hayes (R) wins presidency; Federal troops leave South.
• Betrayal: Ended federal protection for Black citizens, allowing Jim Crow to rise.

72. Westward Bound (US.04) (10 pts)

• Homestead Act: Free land for settlers. Transcontinental RR: Fast travel and national market.

73. Titans and Technology (US.09/12) (10 pts)

• Bessemer/Edison allowed for scale. Strategy: Horizontal (Buyout) or Vertical (Supply chain).

74. City Hall Hustle (US.08) (10 pts)

• Machines provided jobs/coal/housing for votes. Help: Assimilation/welfare. Harm: Corruption/stolen taxes.

Educational Research Note:

Teachers may utilize digital archives at loc.gov and archives.gov to find high-resolution versions of the visual sources listed above. This index serves as the official documentary record for Examination II.

13. The Grange lobbied for laws to regulate:

A) Cotton B) Railroad prices C) Immigration D) Steel

14. The first federal agency to regulate business was the:

A) FBI B) ICC C) CIA D) FDA

15. What party formed from this farmer "rebellion"?

A) Whig B) Populist C) Federalist D) Socialist

Source 6: Historical Record

"In 1880, a patent for a vacuum-sealed glass container with a carbonized filament was granted..."

16. How did Source 6 impact industrial factories?

A) Closed them B) 24-hour work C) Lowered pay D) Ended steel

17. Alexander Graham Bell revolutionized communication with the:

A) Telegraph B) Telephone C) Radio D) Internet

18. Lewis Latimer's improvement to the bulb involved the:

A) Glass B) Filament C) Base D) Switch

19. Technological "New Horizons" primarily grew which area?

A) Small farms B) Large cities C) Frontier camps D) Plantations

Source 7: Nast Cartoon

Description: Boss Tweed pointing at a ballot box. Text: "In Counting There is Strength."

20. The "City Hall Hustle" was typical of:

A) Unions B) Political Machines C) Nativists D) Muckrakers

21. Machines gained immigrant support by providing:

A) Degrees B) Jobs and housing C) Land D) Gold

22. Illegal money from city contracts was called:

A) Subsidy B) Graft/Kickback C) Dividend D) Tariff

23. Which cartoonist exposed the "Tweed Ring"?

A) Riis B) Thomas Nast C) Tarbell D) Sinclair

Source 8: Rockefeller Speech

"The growth of a large business is merely a survival of the fittest..."

24. Source 8 provides a justification for:

A) Competition B) Monopolies C) Low prices D) Clean water

25. Industrialists were often called "Robber Barons" by:

A) Supporters B) Critics C) Banks D) Immigrants

26. The 1890 law aimed at breaking trusts was the:

A) Pendleton Act B) Sherman Antitrust C) Clayton Act D) Dawes Act

27. Cornelius Vanderbilt's fortune came from:

A) Oil B) Steel C) Railroads D) Cosmetics

Source 9: Immigration

28. Which group was a "New" Immigrant religion (Source 9)?

A) Protestant B) Catholic/Jewish C) Quaker D) Amish

29. "New" Immigrants on the East Coast entered via:

A) Angel Island B) Ellis Island C) Miami Port D) Boston Yard

30. "Old" immigrants typically moved to:

A) Urban slums B) Midwest farms C) Mining towns D) Coastal ports

Source 10: Legal Act, 1882

"...coming of Chinese laborers... is hereby suspended."

31. Source 10 is known as the:

A) Dawes Act B) Chinese Exclusion Act C) Homestead Act D) Sherman Act

32. This law targeted immigrants based on:

A) Wealth B) Ethnicity/Race C) Health D) Skill

33. Support for this law was high on the:

A) East Coast B) West Coast C) Gulf Coast D) Great Lakes

34. Asian immigrants processed in San Francisco used:

A) Ellis Island B) Angel Island C) Alcatraz D) Oakland Dock

Source 11: Chief Joseph

"I will fight no more forever."

35. Chief Joseph led which tribe?

A) Sioux B) Nez Perce C) Apache D) Seminole

36. Source 11 describes the end of the:

A) Civil War B) Plains Indian Wars C) Reconstruction D) Gold Rush

37. Wounded Knee massacre (1890) targeted the:

A) Nez Perce B) Lakota Sioux C) Cherokee D) Apache

38. Government breaking of treaties is called:

A) New Horizons B) Broken Promises C) Open Doors D) Gilded Era

Source 12: Omaha Platform

"We demand... government own railroads."

39. Source 12 represents which party?

A) Republican B) Populist C) Democrat D) Federalist

40. Populists wanted bimetallism to help:

A) Rich bankers B) Indebted farmers C) Factory owners D) Immigrants

41. Bimetallism means basing money on:

A) Gold only B) Gold and Silver C) Paper only D) Crops

42. William Jennings Bryan's speech was the:

A) Gettysburg B) Cross of Gold C) New Freedom D) Square Deal

Source 13: Integrity Stimulus

"Counting fake ballots to ensure party victory."

43. What is criticized in Source 13?

A) Voting cost B) Election fraud C) Low turnouts D) Ads

44. The most famous NYC political machine was:

A) Hull House B) Tammany Hall C) Standard Oil D) AFL

45. Machines traded "services" for immigrant:

A) Money B) Votes C) Land D) Children

Source 14: Business Strategy

Own Coal Mine -> Own Train -> Own Mill.

46. Source 14 illustrates which strategy?

A) Horizontal B) Vertical integration C) Socialism D) Barter

47. Rockefeller mainly used horizontal integration in:

A) Steel B) Oil refining C) Railroads D) Banking

48. J.P. Morgan dominated Gilded Age:

A) Farming B) Finance/Consolidation C) Books D) Maps

49. Controlling an entire industry creates a:

A) Union B) Monopoly/Trust C) Republic D) Cooperative

Source 15: 1907 Record

"Japan will not issue passports to laborers."

50. Source 15 is known as the:

A) Open Door B) Gentlemen’s Agreement C) Paris Peace D) Alliance

51. It addressed segregation in which city?

A) NY B) San Francisco C) LA D) Chicago

52. Nativism in the 1890s was anti-:

A) British B) S/E European and Asian C) Northern D) American

53. The Social Gospel movement wanted to:

A) Fight wars B) Help the urban poor C) Ban all RRs D) End patents

Source 16: Merit stimuli

"Jobs given based on exam scores rather than party support."

54. Source 16 represents the impact of the:

A) Sherman Act B) Pendleton Act C) Dawes Act D) Morrill Act

55. Civil service reform replaced the:

A) Union system B) Spoils System C) Tariff system D) Gold system

56. Reform was passed after the murder of:

A) Lincoln B) Garfield C) McKinley D) Taft

57. Illegal machine payments were called:

A) Dividends B) Kickbacks C) Stocks D) Credits

58. The Morrill Act gave land for:

A) Forts B) Colleges C) Prisons D) Parks

59. "Exodusters" migrated for their:

A) Gold B) Promised Land C) Oil D) Steel

60. Who was the financier of U.S. Steel?

A) Morgan B) Rockefeller C) Bell D) Walker

61. Exclusion laws in the 1880s target:

A) Irish B) Chinese C) Germans D) Swedes

62. The ICC regulated which industry?

A) Oil B) Railroads C) Banks D) Cotton

Part II: Documentary Analysis

Source 17: Nast Cartoon ("The Brains")

Description: Boss Tweed with a massive money bag for a head, symbolizing the "City Hall Hustle" and corruption.

63. What is Nast’s message regarding the "City Hall Hustle" and political integrity?

64. How did political machines use "graft" to maintain control over urban resources?

Source 18: Chief Joseph Speech, 1877

"My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever."

65. What historical process led to the "Broken Promises" described by Chief Joseph?

66. How does this mark the transition from sovereignty to reservation life?

Source 19: Granger Creed

"I PAY FOR ALL! The farmer feeds the world, yet others profit from his toil."

67. What was the central economic grievance of the "Railroad Rebels"?

68. Identify one legal victory (state or federal) achieved by this movement.

Source 20: Workingmen's Manifesto, 1878

"They take the bread from the mouths of our families. Send the Chinese back."

69. How does Document 20 justify the policy of a "Border Wall" against Asian labor?

70. How did the experience at Angel Island differ from that at Ellis Island?

Source 21: Homestead Map Stimulus

Description: A map showing high density of 160-acre claims in Kansas, Nebraska, and Dakota Territory, 1880-1900.

71. How did the Homestead Act transform the frontier's population?

72. Identify one environmental challenge faced by these settlers.

Part III: Constructive Response

Item 73: The Great Betrayal (10 Points)

Explain the political compromise that ended Reconstruction in 1877. Why do historians refer to this as a "betrayal"?

Item 74: Industrial Titans (10 Points)

Contrast vertical and horizontal integration. Explain how Rockefeller used one to achieve dominance.

Item 75: Sovereignty Stripped (10 Points)

Describe the impact of the Dawes Act on Native American tribal lands and culture.

Item 76: Border Walls & Open Doors (10 Points)

Contrast the motivations for the Chinese Exclusion Act with the general policy toward European immigrants at Ellis Island.

Primary Source Index Supplement

*** End of Gilded Age II Mastery Assessment — Full Item Set 1-76 ***

Exposes overcrowding and lack of light/air. Impact: Provoked NY State Tenement House Act of 1901.

65-66. Nast (Source 15):

Mocks the fraudulent counting of votes. Graft involved overcharging the city for projects and keeping the surplus.

67-68. Chief Joseph (Source 16):

Exposes broken government treaties. Surrender marked transition to federal control and Dawes Act assimilation.

69-70. Grange Movement (Source 17):

Grievance: Discriminatory freight rates. Victory: Interstate Commerce Act (1887).

71-72. Chinese Exclusion (Source 18):

Economic survival fear. Angel Island focused on detaining Asian labor to prevent job competition.

Constructive Response Rubrics

73. Compromise of 1877 (10 pts):

End of military rule; removal of troops; abandonment of civil rights protections for Southern Blacks.

74. Industrial Titan Strategies (10 pts):

Vertical (own supply chain) vs Horizontal (buy rivals). Rockefeller (H) or Carnegie (V).

75. Dawes Act 1887 (10 pts):

Loss of communal land; forced individual farming; destruction of tribal sovereignty.

76. Machine Politics (10 pts):

Social services (jobs/food) for votes; created systemic graft-based city-wide corruption.

[ _ ] 9. Why were farmers angry at railroads (Source 5)?

A) High, unfair rates

B) Low speed

C) No seats

D) Noise

[ _ ] 10. The first federal agency to regulate business was the:

A) FBI

B) ICC

C) CIA

D) FDA

Source 6: Historical Record

"In 1880, a patent for a durable carbonized filament lightbulb was granted to Edison's team."

[ _ ] 11. How did the invention in Source 6 impact factories?

A) Allowed 24-hour work

B) Ended mass production

C) Lowered pay

D) Reduced steel needs

[ _ ] 12. Alexander Graham Bell revolutionized communication with the:

A) Telephone

B) Radio

C) Phonograph

D) Semaphore

Source 7: Boss Tweed Analysis

Description: A political cartoon shows Boss Tweed leaning on a ballot box with the caption "As long as I count the Votes, what are you going to do about it?"

[ _ ] 13. The "City Hall Hustle" was typical of:

A) Labor Unions

B) Political Machines

C) Nativists

D) Rangers

[ _ ] 14. Machines gained immigrant support by providing:

A) Jobs and housing

B) College degrees

C) Stock options

D) Free travel

Source 8: Rockefeller Quote

"The growth of a large business is merely a survival of the fittest... the rose is produced only by sacrificing the early buds."

[ _ ] 15. Source 8 provides a justification for:

A) Monopolies

B) Competition

C) Higher pay

D) Farm aid

[ _ ] 16. Industrialists were often called "Robber Barons" by:

A) Critics

B) Lawyers

C) Army generals

D) Immigrants

Source 9: Immigration

[ _ ] 17. Which religious group was more common among the "New" Immigrants?

A) Catholic/Jewish

B) Protestant

C) Anglican

D) Amish

[ _ ] 18. "New" Immigrants on the East Coast entered via:

A) Alcatraz

B) Ellis Island

C) Miami Port

D) Boston Yard

Source 10: Legal Act, 1882

"...coming of Chinese laborers... is hereby suspended."

[ _ ] 19. Source 10 is known as the:

A) Chinese Exclusion Act

B) Dawes Act

C) Sherman Act

D) Homestead Act

[ _ ] 20. This law targeted immigrants based on:

A) Ethnicity/Race

B) Wealth

C) Health

D) Age

Source 11: Chief Joseph

"My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever."

[ _ ] 21. Chief Joseph surrender in Source 11 describes the end of:

A) Plains Indian Wars

B) Civil War

C) Reconstruction

D) War of 1812

[ _ ] 22. Wounded Knee massacre targeted the:

A) Lakota Sioux

B) Nez Perce

C) Cherokee

D) Navajo

Source 12: Omaha Platform

"We demand... a graduated income tax... free coinage of silver... govt ownership of railroads."

[ _ ] 23. Source 12 represents which party?

A) Populist

B) Republican

C) Federalist

D) Whig

[ _ ] 24. Populists wanted silver to help:

A) Indebted farmers

B) Rich bankers

C) Titans

D) Nativists

Source 13: Integrity Stimulus

Description: An 1870s drawing showing men dropping multiple fake ballots into a single box.

[ _ ] 25. What is criticized in Source 13?

A) Election fraud

B) Voter cost

C) Low turnouts

D) Radio ads

[ _ ] 26. NYC's famous machine was:

A) Tammany Hall

B) Hull House

C) Standard Oil

D) The Grange

[ _ ] 27. Rockefeller strategy to buy out rivals:

A) Vertical

B) Horizontal

C) Laissez-faire

D) Barter

[ _ ] 28. Carnegie strategy to own supply chain:

A) Vertical

B) Horizontal

C) Barter

D) Localism

[ _ ] 29. Act ending the Spoils System:

A) Sherman

B) Pendleton

C) Dawes

D) Morrill

[ _ ] 30. President killed leading to merit reform:

A) Lincoln

B) Garfield

C) McKinley

D) Taft

[ _ ] 31. Main labor group on Western RR:

A) Irish

B) Chinese

C) German

D) Italian

[ _ ] 32. J.P. Morgan's field:

A) Finance

B) Farming

C) Art

D) Books

[ _ ] 33. "Solid South" party:

A) GOP

B) Democrat

C) Populist

D) Whig

[ _ ] 34. Act providing land for colleges:

A) Morrill

B) Homestead

C) Dawes

D) Sherman

[ _ ] 35. Group fleeing Jim Crow for Kansas:

A) Cowboys

B) Exodusters

C) Nativists

D) Quakers

[ _ ] 36. Standard Oil product:

A) Steel

B) Oil

C) Rail

D) Textile

[ _ ] 37. Carnegie's industry:

A) Steel

B) Oil

C) Chemicals

D) Paper

[ _ ] 38. Muckrakers were mainly:

A) Politicians

B) Journalists

C) Owners

D) Farmers

[ _ ] 39. Bessemer Process product:

A) Iron

B) Steel

C) Glass

D) Plastic

[ _ ] 40. Tennessee "Perfect 36" amendment:

A) 17th

B) 19th

C) 21st

D) 16th

[ _ ] 41. Hull House purpose:

A) Refining

B) Immigrant aid

C) Mining

D) Banking

[ _ ] 42. Monopoly definition:

A) One seller

B) Many buyers

C) No trade

D) High safety

[ _ ] 43. ICC regulated which field?

A) Banks

B) Railroads

C) Schools

D) Prisons

[ _ ] 44. Angel Island location:

A) NYC

B) San Francisco

C) Miami

D) Houston

[ _ ] 45. Cross of Gold author:

A) McKinley

B) Bryan

C) Roosevelt

D) Taft

[ _ ] 46. 1877 troops left the:

A) North

B) South

C) West

D) East

[ _ ] 47. Gilded Age author:

A) Mark Twain

B) Jacob Riis

C) J.P. Morgan

D) Boss Tweed

[ _ ] 48. Nativists favored people born:

A) In America

B) In Asia

C) In Europe

D) At sea

[ _ ] 49. Tammany Hall location:

A) New York

B) Chicago

C) Nashville

D) Atlanta

[ _ ] 50. Nativists feared job:

A) Competition

B) Growth

C) Skills

D) Taxes

[ _ ] 51. Merit hiring reduced the:

A) Spoils System

B) School system

C) Rail system

D) Meat system

[ _ ] 52. Bessemer made steel:

A) Cheaper

B) Rare

C) Heavy

D) Weak

[ _ ] 53. Bell invention name:

A) Telephone

B) Plane

C) Car

D) Radio

[ _ ] 54. 18th Amend. movement led by:

A) Women/Clergy

B) Soldiers

C) Bankers

D) Pilots

[ _ ] 55. Jacob Riis muckraked urban:

A) Tenements

B) Farms

C) Mines

D) Forests

[ _ ] 56. 19th Amend. target was:

A) Suffrage

B) Taxes

C) Meat

D) Oil

[ _ ] 57. "Titan Tussle" result:

A) Monopolies

B) Fair play

C) No business

D) Equality

[ _ ] 58. Dawes Act goal was Native:

A) Assimilation

B) War

C) Freedom

D) Wealth

[ _ ] 59. Chief Joseph's tribe:

A) Nez Perce

B) Sioux

C) Apache

D) Seminole

[ _ ] 60. Rockefeller justified:

A) Monopoly

B) Charity

C) Equality

D) Taxes

[ _ ] 61. Exodusters seeks their:

A) Promised Land

B) Gold mines

C) Oil

D) Steel

[ _ ] 62. 1877 troops left to fix:

A) Election crisis

B) Gold rush

C) Indian war

D) Strike

Part II: Documentary Analysis

Source 14: How the Other Half Lives

"In a room not thirteen feet square were a father, mother, twelve children, and six boarders. They had no light and no air except from the door." — Jacob Riis, 1890

63. Identify one specific urban problem Riis is exposing in Source 14.

64. How did works like this influence Progressive Era housing laws?

Source 15: Nast Cartoon Analysis

Description: A political illustration of Boss Tweed. His head is replaced by a giant money bag. He stands dominating a circle of men pointing at each other. Caption: "Who stole the people's money? 'Twas him."

65. What is Nast’s message regarding the integrity of the "City Hall Hustle"?

66. How did political machines use "graft" to control urban resources?

Source 16: Chief Joseph Surrender, 1877

"My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever."

67. What historical process led to the "Broken Promises" described here?

68. How does this surrender mark the transition to reservation life?

Source 17: Granger Manifesto

"I PAY FOR ALL! The farmer feeds the world, yet others profit from his toil."

69. What was the central grievance of the "Railroad Rebels"?

70. Identify one law that farmers fought for to address this issue.

Source 18: Workingmen's Manifesto, 1878

"They take the bread from the mouths of our families. Send the Chinese back."

71. How does Source 18 justify a "Border Wall" against Asian labor?

72. How did Angel Island differ from Ellis Island in processing?

Part III: Constructive Response

Item 73: The Great Betrayal (10 Points)

Explain the political compromise that ended Reconstruction in 1877. Why is this deal considered a "betrayal"?

Item 74: Industrial Titans (10 Points)

Contrast vertical and horizontal integration. Explain how one Gilded Age titan used these to build a monopoly.

Item 75: Sovereignty Stripped (10 Points)

Describe the impact of the Dawes Act of 1887 on Native American tribal lands and culture.

Item 76: City Hall Hustle (10 Points)

Explain how political machines manipulated city resources and immigrant populations for gain.

Primary Source Reference Supplement

*** End of Gilded Age Mastery Assessment II ***

11. Which President is associated with "Dollar Diplomacy"?

A) Taft B) Wilson C) Roosevelt D) McKinley

12. Woodrow Wilson's "Moral Diplomacy" focused on promoting:

A) Monarchy B) Colonialism C) Gold standards D) Democracy

13. These diplomacy types all aimed to protect U.S. interests in:

A) Europe B) Central/South Amer C) Central Asia D) Sub-Africa

14. The "Open Door" policy specifically targeted trade in:

A) Japan B) Russia C) China D) Brazil

15. U.S. intervention in Mexico (1914) was a test of which diplomacy?

A) Moral B) Dollar C) Big Stick D) Isolationist

Source 6: M.A.I.N. Causes

M: Militarism, A: Alliances

I: Imperialism, N: Nationalism

16. Which cause involved building up armed forces?

A) Alliances B) Nationalism C) Imperialism D) Militarism

17. The "trigger" for WWI was the assassination of:

A) Nicholas II B) Franz Ferdinand C) Wilhelm II D) George V

18. The "Powder Keg of Europe" referred to which region?

A) The Alps B) Iberia C) The Balkans D) Scandinavia

19. Wilson's initial response to war in 1914 was:

A) Neutrality B) Declar. of War C) Blockade D) Sending troops

Source 7: Decoded Message

"...Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona."

20. In Source 7, Germany sought an alliance with:

A) Canada B) Russia C) Japan D) Mexico

21. This telegram proposed Mexico reconquer land lost to:

A) France B) The U.S. C) Spain D) Britain

22. Major cause for U.S. entry was Germany's use of:

A) Poison gas B) Airplane bombs C) Sub Warfare D) Cavalry

23. The sinking of which British liner outraged Americans?

A) Lusitania B) Titanic C) Britannic D) Olympic

Source 8: CPI Poster

Beat Back the HUN!

24. Source 8 was produced by the Committee on:

A) Safety B) War Revenue C) Industrial labor D) Public Information

25. The purpose of "Liberty Bonds" was to:

A) Free prisoners B) Finance the war C) Pay for schools D) Lower taxes

26. The term "HUN" in Source 8 was a term for:

A) French B) Austrians C) Germans D) Russians

27. Propaganda during WWI encouraged Americans to:

A) Conserve food B) Buy imports C) Protest war D) Strike for pay

Source 9: Judicial Doctrine

"...falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing a panic."

28. Source 9 established the doctrine of:

A) Free Trade B) Judicial Review C) Absolute Rights D) Clear Danger

29. This case upheld laws restricting speech like the:

A) Dawes Act B) Espionage Act C) Homestead Act D) Sherman Act

30. Justice Holmes argued that free speech rights are:

A) Absolute B) For soldiers C) Not absolute D) Only for press

Source 10: Migration Data

Routes to Northern Cities

31. The "Great Migration" was driven by:

A) Northern jobs B) Southern aid C) Mining gold D) Fishing

32. Migrants in Source 10 sought an escape from:

A) Northern cold B) Industrial smog C) Western heat D) Jim Crow laws

33. This movement led to cultural growth in:

A) New Orleans B) Harlem C) Miami D) San Antonio

34. Competition in Northern cities led to:

A) Total equality B) Jim Crow end C) 1919 Race Riots D) Deportation

Source 11: Wilson's Covenant

"...mutual guarantees of political independence."

35. Source 11 describes the creation of the:

A) League of Nations B) United Nations C) NATO D) Warsaw Pact

36. Wilson's plan for peace was known as the:

A) Big Stick B) New Deal C) Square Deal D) Fourteen Points

37. "Self-determination" meant ethnic groups should:

A) Stay colonized B) Choose own govt C) Pay fines D) Relocate

38. Why did the U.S. Senate reject the League?

A) Too expensive B) Pro-German C) Fear of entangle D) Low interest

Source 12: Battlefront

NO MAN'S LAND

39. The tactic in Source 12 led to a:

A) Stalemate B) Rapid advance C) Naval battle D) Charge

40. New technologies in these trenches included:

A) Swords B) Drones C) Nuclear arms D) Tanks/Gas

41. The U.S. force sent to Europe was the:

A) Rough Riders B) AEF C) Green Berets D) SEALS

42. General Pershing insisted that U.S. troops:

A) Merge forces B) Stay in Britain C) Fight independ. D) Go home

Source 13: War Economy

43. The goal of war agencies was to:

A) Mobilize resourc. B) Regulate stocks C) End trusts D) Cut taxes

44. "Victory Gardens" were encouraged to:

A) Beautify B) Conserve food C) Reward farms D) Feed horses

45. Labor unions during the war generally agreed to:

A) Strike daily B) "No Strike" pacts C) Dissolve D) Enlist

Source 14: Treaty Clause

"Germany accepts responsibility... for causing all the loss and damage..."

46. The clause forced Germany to:

A) Lead League B) Colonize C) Take blame D) Join AEF

47. These terms contributed to the rise of:

A) Adolf Hitler B) Democracy C) British Power D) Free Trade

48. Which nation was excluded from peace talks?

A) Italy B) Japan C) France D) Russia

49. The redrawing of Europe created which new nation?

A) Germany B) Poland C) Spain D) Sweden

Source 15: Liliuokalani

"I yield to the superior force of the United States..."

50. Source 15 describes the takeover of:

A) Alaska B) Hawaii C) Midway D) Samoa

51. Primary economic motive was:

A) Sugar/Pineapple B) Gold C) Oil D) Steel

52. This move was led primarily by American:

A) Soldiers B) Missionaries C) Journalists D) Businessmen

53. Sanford B. Dole was the first governor of:

A) Philippines B) Hawaii Repub. C) Cuba D) Guam

Source 16: Heroes

"Alvin York... Harlem Hellfighters awarded Croix de Guerre."

54. York was famous for his actions in the:

A) Somme B) Verdun C) Meuse-Argonne D) Marne

55. The 369th Infantry was composed of:

A) African Amer. B) Japanese Amer. C) Native Amer. D) Irish Amer.

56. Segregated units often served under:

A) Britain B) Germany C) Italy D) France

57. These soldiers returned to a nation with:

A) Slavery B) Jim Crow C) Equality D) Integration

58. The "Maine" was a U.S.:

A) Tank B) Battleship C) Airplane D) Submarine

59. Hawaii was annexed in:

A) 1898 B) 1865 C) 1914 D) 1941

60. Who led the Rough Riders?

A) Taft B) Wilson C) Pershing D) T. Roosevelt

61. Liberty Bonds helped war:

A) Peace B) Finance C) Protests D) Exports

62. The CPI was led by George:

A) Creel B) Marshall C) Washington D) Patton

Part II: Source-Based Mastery Check

Source 17: Philippines

Uncle Sam carrying "Philippines" uphill towards "Civilization."

63. Source 17 illustrates the concept of:

A) White Man's Burden B) Isolationism C) Communism D) Populism

64. This ideology was used to justify:

A) Freedom B) Tax reform C) Child labor D) Imperialism

Source 18: The League

A bridge missing its "Keystone" (labeled USA).

65. The failure of the bridge represents:

A) U.S. Navy B) League of Nations C) Panama Canal D) AEF

66. The "Missing Keystone" refers to:

A) Intervention B) Expansion C) Isolationism D) Socialism

Source 19: Europe 1919

Map of Austro-Hungarian Empire breakup.

67. The dissolution shown was a result of:

A) Versailles Treaty B) Civil War C) Russian Revolut. D) Collapse

68. Which new nation emerged?

A) Ottoman Emp. B) Soviet Union C) Prussia D) Czechoslovakia

Source 20: Workforce

"One million women joined the workforce..."

69. The war provided women with:

A) Right to vote B) New job opportun. C) Higher taxes D) Drafts

70. This contribution helped build momentum for the:

A) 16th Amend. B) 19th Amendment C) 21st Amend. D) 13th Amend.

Source 21: Trench Life

"The mud is waist-deep... the constant shells..."

71. Source 21 describes the toll of:

A) Trench warfare B) Blockades C) Dogfights D) Rationing

72. Many soldiers suffered from:

A) Trench foot B) Shell shock (PTSD) C) Mustard gas D) All of these

Source 22: WIB

"Factories producing luxury goods must convert..."

73. Source 22 illustrates the shift to a:

A) War economy B) Free market C) Barter system D) Depression

74. This power was overseen by the:

A) FDA B) War Indust. Board C) NAACP D) FBI

Source 23: H.C. Lodge

"Our first ideal is our country..."

75. Lodge is expressing the viewpoint of:

A) Expansionists B) Isolationists C) Socialists D) Monarchists

76. His opposition led to the United States:

A) Joining the League B) Rejecting Treaty C) War on France D) Annexation

Source Appendix

Record Sheet

Score: ________ / 76

End of Imperialism & Great War Mastery Assessment III

TN Standards Reference

US.21: Imperialism causes/consequences.

US.22: Spanish-American War (Maine).

US.23: Annexation (Hawaii, Philippines).

US.24: Roosevelt/Taft/Wilson Diplomacy.

US.25: WWI Causes & Neutrality.

US.26: U.S. Entry into WWI (Telegram).

US.27: Home Front (CPI, Migration, Women).

US.28: Military Impact (York, Pershing).

US.29: Versailles & League of Nations.

Modern America Mastery Curriculum • Unit III Data Archive

11. How did the radio impact American society in the 1920s?

A) Isolated families B) Standardized culture C) Ended advertising D) Banned music

12. The first "talkie" motion picture (1927) was:

A) Gone with Wind B) The Jazz Singer C) Citizen Kane D) Steamboat Willie

13. These technologies contributed to the rise of:

A) Localism B) Mass Media C) Agrarianism D) Feudalism

14. Air travel reached a milestone with the solo flight of:

A) Wright Bros B) Charles Lindbergh C) Amelia Earhart D) Eddie Rickenbacker

15. The increase in leisure time led to the growth of:

A) Manual labor B) Professional sports C) Subsistence farms D) Factory hours

Source 6: Dayton, Tennessee

STATE OF TENNESSEE v. SCOPES (1925)

"A clash between science and traditional values."

16. The central issue of the trial in Source 6 was the teaching of:

A) Communism B) Evolution C) Prohibition D) Geometry

17. Which lawyer defended the "Modernist" viewpoint in this trial?

A) W.J. Bryan B) Clarence Darrow C) Thurgood Marshall D) Robert Taft

18. The trial illustrated the growing tension between:

A) North and South B) Urban and Rural C) East and West D) Rich and Poor

19. Scopes was accused of violating which Tennessee law?

A) Butler Act B) Sherman Act C) Volstead Act D) Hatch Act

Source 7: Cartoon, 1920s

A "Bootlegger" hands a bottle to a politician behind a curtain labeled "18th Amendment."

20. The 18th Amendment in Source 7 established:

A) Income Tax B) Prohibition C) Women's Suffrage D) Direct Election

21. An unintended consequence of this law was the rise of:

A) Temperance B) Organized Crime C) Farming productivity D) Public health

22. Illegal establishments where alcohol was served were called:

A) Speakeasies B) Settlement Houses C) Speeches D) Shanty towns

23. Which amendment eventually repealed Prohibition?

A) 19th B) 20th C) 21st D) 22nd

Source 8: Headline, 1919

PALMER RAIDS: THOUSANDS ARRESTED!

24. Source 8 describes actions taken during the:

A) Great Depression B) Red Scare C) Gilded Age D) Cold War

25. The raids targeted individuals suspected of being:

A) Nazis B) Anarchists/Communists C) Imperialists D) Monopolists

26. Nativist sentiment led to strict immigration quotas in:

A) 1924 B) 1882 C) 1965 D) 1941

27. Sacco and Vanzetti were executed primarily due to their:

A) Criminal record B) Political beliefs C) Wealth D) Army service

Source 9: Market Report, 1929

"October 29: Black Tuesday. Billions in paper wealth vanished in hours."

28. The event in Source 9 is considered the start of the:

A) Roaring Twenties B) Great Depression C) New Deal D) World War II

29. A cause of this crash was "buying on margin," which meant:

A) Paying cash B) Borrowing money C) Saving interest D) Trading goods

30. This crash exposed deep weaknesses in the:

A) Military B) Banking system C) Farm belt D) Postal service

Source 10: Environmental Crisis

THE DUST BOWL (1930s)

31. The "Dust Bowl" was caused by over-farming and:

A) Flooding B) Severe drought C) Blizzards D) Earthquakes

32. Families who fled this region were often called:

A) Exodusters B) Okies C) Rough Riders D) Carpetbaggers

33. These migrants primarily moved toward:

A) New York B) California C) Florida D) Texas

34. John Steinbeck's book about this era is:

A) The Jungle B) Grapes of Wrath C) Great Gatsby D) Main Street

Source 11: Herbert Hoover, 1932

"Economic depression cannot be cured by legislative action or executive pronouncement."

35. Hoover's philosophy in Source 11 is known as:

A) Rugged Individualism B) Social Gospel C) Deficit Spending D) Imperialism

36. Shanty towns built by the homeless were nicknamed:

A) FDRvilles B) Hoovervilles C) Wilsonvilles D) Taftvilles

37. The "Bonus Army" marched on D.C. to demand:

A) Food stamps B) WWI vet payments C) Tax cuts D) Housing aid

38. FDR's approach to the economy was based on:

A) Isolation B) Active govt intervention C) Laissez-faire D) Gold standard

Source 12: Alphabet Soup

CCC, WPA, TVA

FDIC, SSA, SEC

39. The primary goal of the CCC and WPA was:

A) Banking reform B) Job creation C) Stock regulation D) War prep

40. The SSA (Social Security) provided aid to:

A) Factory owners B) The elderly/disabled C) Foreign nations D) Bankers

41. The FDIC was created to restore confidence in:

A) Schools B) The Banking System C) The Navy D) Railroads

42. The TVA brought electricity to which rural region?

A) Rockies B) Tennessee Valley C) Gulf Coast D) New England

Source 13: Huey Long

"Share Our Wealth: Every man a king..."

43. Long criticized the New Deal for not going:

A) Far enough left B) Far enough right C) Into the West D) To the Supreme Ct

44. Conservative critics of the New Deal argued it was:

A) Too small B) Too socialist C) Too military D) Pro-British

45. FDR's attempt to change the Supreme Court was called:

A) Trust-Busting B) Court Packing C) Civil Reform D) Red Scare

Source 14: Economic Data

Supply > Demand = Plunging Prices.

46. Source 14 illustrates which cause of the Depression?

A) Underconsumption B) Overproduction C) Labor shortage D) Low supply

47. High tariffs like Hawley-Smoot resulted in:

A) Free trade B) Reduced global trade C) Higher exports D) Low consumer prices

48. During the 1920s, farmers suffered because of:

A) High demand B) Low prices/Surplus C) Lack of land D) Govt intervention

49. Bank runs occurred when people:

A) Invested stocks B) Withdrew all savings C) Bought houses D) Joined unions

Source 15: The Flapper

"The bobbed hair, the short skirt, and the cigarette... the symbol of the new freedom."

50. Source 15 describes the "New Woman" known as:

A) Suffragette B) Flapper C) Muckraker D) Settlement worker

51. Women gained the right to vote in 1920 with the:

A) 18th Amend. B) 19th Amendment C) 21st Amend. D) 16th Amend.

52. This social change was most prominent in:

A) Rural farms B) Urban areas C) Mining camps D) Military bases

53. Margaret Sanger was a pioneer in the field of:

A) Aviation B) Birth control C) Steel production D) Banking

Source 16: FDR's Radio

"I want to talk for a few minutes with the people about banking."

54. These radio addresses were famously known as:

A) Morning Reports B) Fireside Chats C) War Bulletins D) Press Releases

55. FDR used these to restore public:

A) Fear B) Confidence C) Taxes D) Isolation

56. The first "Hundred Days" of FDR's term focused on:

A) Ending WWI B) Emergency Relief C) Raising tariffs D) Building the Wall

57. The SEC was created to regulate the:

A) Post Office B) Stock Market C) Farm belt D) Coal mines

58. Who was the "Tiger of Wall St"?

A) Ford B) Morgan C) Rockefeller D) Mitchell

59. The 1920s economy was a:

A) Bear Market B) Bull Market C) Closed Market D) Barter system

60. First person to fly the Atlantic?

A) Wrights B) Lindbergh C) Earhart D) Hughes

61. SSA provided help for the:

A) Students B) Elderly C) Soldiers D) Banks

62. The CCC worked on:

A) Finance B) Conservation C) Law D) Art

Part II: Source-Based Mastery Check

Source 17: Scopes Trial Cartoon

A monkey is shown looking at a book titled "Biology."

63. Source 17 satirizes the debate over:

A) Fundamentalism B) Imperialism C) Communism D) Isolationism

64. This trial took place in which Tennessee town?

A) Nashville B) Dayton C) Memphis D) Knoxville

Source 18: Prohibition Enforcement

Officers are shown pouring wine into a sewer drain.

65. Source 18 illustrates the enforcement of the:

A) Volstead Act B) Sherman Act C) Dawes Act D) Glass-Steagall

66. The "Wets" were individuals who:

A) Supported Prohib. B) Opposed Prohib. C) Worked in sewer D) Were farmers

Source 19: Geographic Data

Map showing Severe Erosion across the Plains.

67. The disaster in Source 19 led to:

A) Urbanization B) Mass Migration West C) Gold rush D) New forests

68. Settlers in this region had destroyed the:

A) Native grass B) Log cabins C) Railroads D) Dams

Source 20: WPA Poster

"Work Pays America! Millions building bridges."

69. The agency in Source 20 provided:

A) Free food B) Public works jobs C) Bank loans D) Pensions

70. This agency was part of the:

A) 1st New Deal B) 2nd New Deal C) Bonus Army D) Fair Deal

Source 21: Bank Holiday

"Closed by Executive Order for Inspection."

71. FDR declared a "Bank Holiday" to stop:

A) Withdrawals/Panic B) Robberies C) Interest rates D) New loans

72. Which agency insured these deposits later?

A) SEC B) FDIC C) SSA D) TVA

Source 22: Liberty League

"Stop the government from taking our business."

73. Source 22 represents opposition based on:

A) Radicalism B) Free Enterprise C) Lack of jobs D) Pro-German bias

74. Critics labeled FDR's expansion of power as:

A) Dictatorial B) Weak C) Traditional D) Isolationist

Source 23: Public Letter

"Mr. President... I feel like you are in my living room."

75. Source 23 shows FDR's mastery of:

A) The Navy B) Communication C) The Court D) Tariffs

76. This connection helped him win how many terms?

A) 1 B) 4 C) 2 D) 0

Student Record Sheet

Student Name:

Date of Examination:

Modern America Mastery Curriculum • Assessment IV Record

TN Standards Reference

US.30: Mass production and consumerism (Ford).

US.31: New technologies (radio, movies, aviation).

US.32: Harlem Renaissance and Lost Generation.

US.33: Prohibition and organized crime.

US.34: Scopes Trial (Traditionalism vs Modernism).

US.35: Red Scare and immigration restrictions.

US.36: Causes of the Great Depression.

US.37: Social impact of the Depression (Dust Bowl).

US.38: FDR and the New Deal agencies.

US.39: Controversies and criticisms of the New Deal.

Modern America Mastery Curriculum • Unit IV Data Archive