World History Final Exam Semester 2 World History Final Exam
Modern Era: Enlightenment to the Cold War
Student Name:
Date:
Score: / 60
Part I: Multiple Choice
Select the best possible answer for each question. Mark your choice clearly. (1 point each)
The Enlightenment & Revolution
1. Which philosopher argued that all humans possess "natural rights" of life, liberty, and property?
A) Thomas Hobbes
B) John Locke
C) Baron de Montesquieu
D) Voltaire
2. The idea of "Separation of Powers" to prevent tyranny was most famously proposed by:
A) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
B) Adam Smith
C) Baron de Montesquieu
D) Mary Wollstonecraft
3. How did Enlightenment philosophy primarily influence the American Revolution?
A) By encouraging the absolute power of monarchs
B) By providing a legal basis for challenging traditional authority
C) By discouraging the use of written constitutions
D) By promoting the divine right of kings
4. Voltaire is most celebrated for his defense of which Enlightenment ideal?
A) Religious tolerance and free speech
B) A state-controlled economy
C) The restoration of feudalism
D) Military dictatorship
5. The "Social Contract" theory implies that citizens agree to be governed in exchange for:
A) Exemption from all taxes
B) Absolute power for the monarch
C) The protection of their fundamental rights
D) Forced religious uniformity
6. Prior to the 1789 Revolution, the "Third Estate" in France consisted primarily of:
A) The Clergy
B) The Nobility
C) Commoners and Peasants
D) The Royal Family
7. Which event serves as the symbolic start of the French Revolution?
A) The Battle of Waterloo
B) The execution of Louis XVI
C) The Storming of the Bastille
D) The crowning of Napoleon
8. Maximilien Robespierre rose to power as the leader of the:
A) Directory
B) Committee of Public Safety
C) Napoleonic Army
D) Continental Congress
9. Which document declared that "men are born and remain free and equal in rights"?
A) The Magna Carta
B) The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
C) The Treaty of Versailles
D) The Communist Manifesto
10. What was a significant long-term impact of the Napoleonic Code?
A) It reinforced the privileges of the nobility
B) It established a uniform system of law based on merit and reason
C) It led to the total abolition of the French army
D) It returned French territory to the British Empire
11. Napoleon met his final military defeat at which famous battle?
A) Battle of Trafalgar
B) Battle of Leipzig
C) Battle of Waterloo
D) Storming of the Bastille
Industrialization & Economic Theory
12. In which nation did the Industrial Revolution originate?
A) France
B) Great Britain
C) Germany
D) The United States
13. Which innovation was most vital for providing power to 19th-century factories?
A) The Cotton Gin
B) The Steam Engine
C) The Spinning Jenny
D) The Telegraph
14. Urbanization is best defined as:
A) The improvement of traditional farming methods
B) The movement of people from cities to rural farms
C) The rapid growth of cities due to the availability of factory jobs
D) The government seizure of private businesses
15. Adam Smith’s principle of "Laissez-faire" translates to:
A) "Rule of the proletariat"
B) "Equal distribution of property"
C) "Let it be" (hands-off government involvement in the economy)
D) "Sovereignty of the military"
16. Karl Marx theorized that the industrial working class (Proletariat) would:
A) Rise up and overthrow the owners (Bourgeoisie)
B) Voluntarily return to subsistence farming
C) Support the strengthening of absolute monarchies
D) Oppose the creation of labor unions
17. Which of the following was a major negative effect of early industrialization?
A) Higher wages for all workers
B) Dangerous working conditions and child labor
C) A decrease in environmental pollution
D) Extremely short working hours
18. The "Scramble for Africa" was formalized at which international meeting?
A) Paris Conference
B) Berlin Conference
C) Yalta Conference
D) Vienna Conference
19. What was the primary economic motivation for 19th-century European imperialism?
A) To obtain raw materials and new markets for industrial goods
B) To study and preserve ancient African cultures
C) To establish moon colonies for the future
D) To end the Industrial Revolution
20. The theory of "Social Darwinism" was used by imperialists to justify:
A) Racial equality
B) European domination of "lesser" nations
C) Democratic reforms
D) The abolition of slavery
21. The Sepoy Mutiny in India was a significant reaction against the policies of the:
A) French colonial rule
B) British East India Company
C) United States government
D) Japanese Empire
22. What was a common result of imperialism for indigenous populations in Africa and Asia?
A) Becoming the ruling class of their territories
B) Significant loss of land and traditional culture
C) Immediate citizenship in the European mother country
D) A doubling of their native populations
The Great War (World War I)
23. Which term describes the glorification and build-up of military power?
A) Nationalism
B) Militarism
C) Alliances
D) Isolationism
24. The immediate "spark" that ignited World War I was the assassination of:
A) Kaiser Wilhelm II
B) Tsar Nicholas II
C) Archduke Franz Ferdinand
D) Woodrow Wilson
25. Which countries made up the "Triple Entente" at the start of WWI?
A) Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
B) France, Great Britain, Russia
C) USA, China, Japan
D) Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria, Germany
26. The Western Front of World War I was primarily characterized by:
A) Rapid tank maneuvers
B) Trench warfare and stalemate
C) Guerrilla hit-and-run tactics
D) No significant fighting
27. The Zimmermann Note suggested an alliance between which two nations against the U.S.?
A) Germany and Mexico
B) USA and Great Britain
C) Russia and Japan
D) Italy and France
28. A key provision of the Treaty of Versailles was that Germany must:
A) Be granted more territory in Africa
B) Pay massive financial reparations to the Allies
C) Lead the newly formed League of Nations
D) Annex the country of Austria
29. The League of Nations was created after WWI primarily to:
A) Promote global free trade
B) Rebuild the German economy
C) Prevent future wars through diplomacy
D) Control the world's oil supply
30. "Total War" during WWI meant that:
A) Only soldiers were affected by the conflict
B) Nations devoted all their resources and populations to the war effort
C) The war was fought on only one continent
D) No advanced weapons were allowed
World War II & The Holocaust
31. Which policy did Britain and France adopt toward Hitler’s early territorial expansion?
A) Containment
B) Appeasement
C) Isolationism
D) Imperialism
32. World War II in Europe officially began with the Nazi invasion of:
A) France
B) Poland
C) Czechoslovakia
D) The Soviet Union
33. The Battle of Stalingrad was significant because it was the turning point on the:
A) Western Front
B) Pacific Theater
C) Eastern Front
D) North African Front
34. The "Final Solution" was the Nazi code name for their plan to:
A) Negotiate a peace treaty with Britain
B) Systematically murder all European Jews
C) Develop an atomic weapon before the U.S.
D) Move the German capital to Berlin
35. Which of the following best describes the Holocaust?
A) The use of the atomic bomb on Japan
B) The state-sponsored genocide of 6 million Jews and millions of others
C) The Spanish Civil War
D) The Great Depression in Europe
36. What was the main purpose of the Nuremberg Trials?
A) To divide Germany into four zones
B) To hold Nazi leaders accountable for war crimes and crimes against humanity
C) To officially create the United Nations
D) To end the war in the Pacific
37. D-Day (June 6, 1944) refers to the Allied invasion of:
A) Italy
B) Normandy, France
C) Japan
D) North Africa
38. The use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki directly led to:
A) The start of WWII
B) The Japanese surrender
C) Soviet invasion of Germany
D) German surrender
39. Totalitarianism is a form of government where:
A) Citizens have absolute freedom
B) The government has total control over all aspects of public and private life
C) There are two kings ruling at once
D) Only village laws are followed
40. "Kristallnacht" (Night of Broken Glass) was an early example of:
A) A peace treaty
B) Organized Nazi violence against Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues
C) A French protest
D) Scientific advancement
41. Which group was NOT targeted for persecution by the Nazi regime?
A) Romani people
B) People with disabilities
C) The "Aryan" race
D) Jehovah's Witnesses
42. Who were the "Big Three" leaders that met at the Yalta Conference?
A) Hitler, Mussolini, Tojo
B) Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin
C) Wilson, Clemenceau, Lloyd George
D) Truman, Eisenhower, MacArthur
The Cold War Era
43. The Cold War was characterized by a fundamental ideological conflict between:
A) Democracy and Communism
B) Monarchy and Fascism
C) Christianity and Islam
D) France and Great Britain
44. The U.S. policy of "Containment" was designed to:
A) Expand American territory into Asia
B) Prevent the further spread of Soviet influence and Communism
C) Isolate the United States from all international trade
D) Rebuild the British and French colonial empires
45. Winston Churchill described the division of Europe into East and West as a/an:
A) Great Wall
B) Iron Curtain
C) Bamboo Fence
D) Steel Shield
46. The military alliance formed by the United States and its Western allies was called:
A) The Warsaw Pact
B) NATO
C) The League of Nations
D) The Triple Entente
47. The "Cuban Missile Crisis" was a dangerous standoff over the presence of:
A) Sugar trade embargoes
B) Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba
C) The Berlin Wall
D) A U.S. invasion of Florida
48. What was the primary purpose of the Marshall Plan?
A) To punish Germany for its role in WWII
B) To provide economic aid to rebuild Western Europe and prevent Communism
C) To start a direct war with the Soviet Union
D) To send spies into Communist China
49. The Berlin Wall was built by East Germany primarily to:
A) Keep Western tourists out of the East
B) Prevent its citizens from escaping to West Berlin
C) Protect the city from a U.S. invasion
D) Mark the official end of the Cold War
50. A "proxy war" is a conflict where:
A) Two superpowers fight each other directly
B) Superpowers support opposing sides in a third-party conflict
C) Only diplomatic weapons are used
D) Wars are fought entirely using computers
II
Part II: Short Answer
Instructions: Respond to each prompt in 4-6 complete sentences. Be sure to use specific historical evidence, terms, and names to support your analysis. (5 points each)
51. Analyze how the Industrial Revolution served as a primary driver for 19th-century European Imperialism.
Consider technological advancements, economic needs for resources/markets, and the impact of Social Darwinism in your response.
52. Explain the significance of the Nuremberg Trials following the Holocaust and World War II.
Why was it important for the international community to hold these trials? What precedent did they set for international law and human rights?
End of Examination
Modern Era Mastery Suite
Blooket Import Sheet Document Blooket Import Template
Copy-paste this data into Excel/Google Sheets, then export as CSV for Blooket.
Part 1: Rows 1-25
Row Question Text Answer 1 Answer 2 Answer 3 Answer 4 Time Correct 1 Enlightenment philosopher: "natural rights"? Thomas Hobbes John Locke Montesquieu Voltaire 30 2 2 Concept of "Separation of Powers" by: Rousseau Adam Smith Montesquieu Wollstonecraft 30 3 3 Enlightenment impact on Am. Revolution? Encouraged kings Basis for challenge No constitutions Divine right 30 2 4 Voltaire defense of which ideal? Relig. tolerance State economy Feudalism Dictatorship 30 1 5 Social Contract suggests exchange for: High taxes Absolute power Protection of rights Forced conversion 30 3 6 Who made up the "Third Estate"? The Clergy The Nobility Commoners/Peasants Royal Family 30 3 7 Symbolic start of French Revolution? Battle of Waterloo Reign of Terror Storming Bastille Crowning Napol. 30 3 8 Robespierre leader during the: Directory Reign of Terror Napol. Wars Am. Revolution 30 2 9 Doc: "men are born free and equal"? Magna Carta Decl. Rights Man Versailles Treaty Manifesto 30 2 10 Major consequence Napoleonic Code? Feudalism back Uniform laws Abolished mil. UK rule back
Chronicle Study Guide Student Modern Era Study Guide
Semester 2: Enlightenment to the Cold War
Name:
Date:
Directions: Use the provided word bank to complete the summary of key historical events and concepts. Each word will be used only once.
Master Word Bank
Appeasement
Berlin Wall
Bourgeoisie
Capitalism
Communism
Containment
Enlightenment
Fascism
Guillotine
Holocaust
Imperialism
Industrialization
Iron Curtain
John Locke
Laissez-faire
League of Nations
Militarism
Napoleon
Nationalism
Natural Rights
Nuremberg Trials
Propaganda
Reign of Terror
Social Contract
Totalitarianism
Trench Warfare
Triple Entente
Urbanization
Versailles
Zimmermann Note
I. The Age of Reason & Revolution
The 1. ____________________ was an intellectual movement that emphasized reason and individualism. Thinkers like 2. ____________________ argued that all people are born with 3. ____________________ (life, liberty, and property). Jean-Jacques Rousseau proposed the 4. ____________________, where the government's power comes from the consent of the governed.
The French Revolution was sparked by inequality between the Estates. During the radical phase, Robespierre led the 5. ____________________, using the 6. ____________________ to execute "enemies of the state." Eventually, 7. ____________________ seized power, declaring himself Emperor and spreading revolutionary ideas across Europe until his defeat at Waterloo.
II. Industry & Empire
The shift from handmade goods to machine-made goods is known as 8. ____________________. This led to 9. ____________________, as people moved from rural areas to cities for work. Adam Smith advocated for 10. ____________________, a "hands-off" economic policy that is a core part of 11. ____________________.
To fuel their factories, European nations engaged in 12. ____________________, the seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country. This was driven by a need for raw materials and 13. ____________________—the belief that one's nation is superior to others.
III. Global Conflict
The four M.A.I.N. causes of World War I were 14. ____________________, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism. The war was characterized by 15. ____________________ on the Western Front, leading to a long stalemate. The 16. ____________________ was a secret telegram from Germany to Mexico that helped bring the U.S. into the war. The Treaty of 17. ____________________ ended the war but left Germany bitter.
Sorting Cards Key Teacher Sorting Cards Key
Teacher Answer Key | Modern Era Sorting Activity
Teacher Resource
The Enlightenment
Natural Rights: Life, Liberty, Property
Separation of Powers & Checks/Balances
Challenging the Divine Right of Kings
The Social Contract: Consent of Governed
Freedom of Speech & Religious Tolerance (Voltaire)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Popular Sovereignty
Industrial Revolution
Mass Urbanization: Moving to Cities
The Steam Engine & Textile Factories
The Rise of the Working Class (Proletariat)
Laissez-faire (Hands-off) Economics
Dangerous Factory Conditions & Child Labor
Railroads & Improved Steam Transportation
Age of Imperialism
Berlin Conference: Scramble for Africa
Social Darwinism & "White Man's Burden"
Search for Raw Materials & New Markets
The Sepoy Mutiny in British India
Establishment of Colonies in Africa & Asia
Exploitation of Indigenous Natural Resources
Note: These cards are intended for kinesthetic group work. For assessment, look for students to group cards logically according to the underlying themes (rights/reason vs machines/economy vs empire/expansion).
Term Trek Quizlet Guide Term Trek Quizlet Guide
Final Exam Review Vocabulary | Semester 2
How to study with this guide:
Review the categories below to master key concepts. When you're ready, use the Quizlet Import section on the final page. In Quizlet, select "|" (Pipe) as the custom separator.
Enlightenment & Revolution
Natural Rights:
Rights championed by John Locke (Life, Liberty, Property).
Separation of Powers:
Dividing gov branches to prevent tyranny (Montesquieu).
Bastille / Third Estate:
Symbolic start of Revolution; the commoner social class.
Reign of Terror:
State violence led by Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety.
Napoleonic Code:
Uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon.
Industrialization
Urbanization:
Mass movement from farms to cities for factory work.
Laissez-faire:
"Hands-off" economics without gov regulation (Adam Smith).
Proletariat:
Industrial working class who Marx predicted would revolt.
Imperialism
Berlin Conference:
1884 meeting to divide Africa among European nations.
Social Darwinism:
Used "survival of fittest" to justify imperial conquest.
Sepoy Mutiny:
Indian soldiers' rebellion against British East India Company.
World War I
Militarism:
Glorifying military power and keeping a standing army ready.
Triple Entente:
WWI alliance: France, Great Britain, and Russia.
Trench Warfare:
Combat in parallel ditches; led to stalemate on Western Front.
Total War:
When nations devote all resources to a war effort.
Treaty of Versailles:
Ended WWI; forced Germany to pay massive reparations.
World War II
Appeasement:
Giving in to demands (like Hitler's) to avoid war.
Final Solution:
Nazi plan for the systematic genocide of European Jews.
Totalitarianism:
Centralized gov control over every aspect of life.
Stalingrad / D-Day:
WWII turning points on the East and West Fronts.
Nuremberg Trials:
Trials holding Nazi leaders accountable for war crimes.
The Cold War
Containment:
Exam Master Key Teacher Exam Master Key
Teacher Assessment Reference | Semester 2 Final
Total Points
60
(50 MC + 10 SA)
Multiple Choice Key (1-50)
1 Point Each
B
C
B
A
C
C
C
B
B
B
C
B
B
C
C
A
B
B
A
B
B
B
B
C
B
B
A
B
C
B
B
B
C
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
C
B
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
Short Answer Scoring Rubric
5 Points Each
51. Industry & Imperialism
Weight: 5.0
Acceptable Evidence
Mass production required raw materials (rubber, tin, cotton).
Industrialized nations needed new markets for finished goods.
Technology (Maxim gun, steamships) allowed for deeper penetration into colonies.
Medical advances (Quinine) made African colonization possible.
Figure Match Key Teacher Figure Match Key
Teacher Answer Key | Historical Figures Matching
Teacher Resource
1. John Locke B
6. Winston Churchill A
2. Maximilien Robespierre E
7. Joseph Stalin C
3. Adam Smith D
8. Adolf Hitler J
4. Karl Marx G
9. Napoleon Bonaparte H
5. Franz Ferdinand F
10. Harry Truman I
Key Concept Map
Enlightenment: John Locke (Natural Rights), Adam Smith (Capitalism)
Revolution/Industrial: Robespierre (Reign of Terror), Napoleon (Empire), Karl Marx (Communism)
World Wars: Franz Ferdinand (WWI Trigger), Winston Churchill (WWII Britain), Adolf Hitler (WWII Germany)
Cold War: Joseph Stalin (USSR Totalitarianism), Harry Truman (Containment/Atomic Bomb)
Witness Gallery Key Teacher Witness Gallery Key
Teacher Answer Key | Primary Source Analysis Guide
Teacher Resource
Station 1: The French Revolution
EXPECTED ANSWERS:
Thinker: John Locke (Natural rights: life, liberty, property).Challenge: These ideas challenged "Divine Right" by suggesting power comes from the people (Social Contract) rather than God, and that governments exist only to protect citizen rights.
Station 2: The Industrial Revolution
EXPECTED ANSWERS:
Negative Impact: Child labor, dangerous working conditions, physical abuse, long hours.Influence: Testimony like this led to the Factory Act of 1833 and other labor reforms/unions in Britain to protect workers and regulate hours.
Station 3: Imperialism
EXPECTED ANSWERS:
Impact: Displacement of indigenous people, loss of traditional land rights, and the imposition of European legal systems that favored colonizers and ignored local customs/communal ownership.
Station 4: The Cold War
EXPECTED ANSWERS:
Symbolism: Represents the physical and ideological boundary between Democratic/Capitalist Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe (dominated by the USSR). It signifies isolation and lack of freedom for those "behind" the line.
Final Reflection
Answers will vary. Look for students to connect a specific source (e.g., Industrialization) to a broader historical shift (e.g., the move from agrarian to urban society) or the Enlightenment to the shift from monarchy to democracy.
Study Guide Key Teacher Study Guide Key
Teacher Reference | Fill-in-the-Blank Solutions
Section I: Enlightenment & Revolution
1. Enlightenment
2. John Locke
3. Natural Rights
4. Social Contract
5. Reign of Terror
6. Guillotine
7. Napoleon
Section II: Industry & Empire
8. Industrialization
9. Urbanization
10. Laissez-faire
11. Capitalism
12. Imperialism
13. Nationalism
Section III: Global Conflict
14. Militarism
15. Trench Warfare
16. Zimmermann Note
17. Versailles
18. Appeasement
19. Propaganda (Note: Totalitarianism also fits, but propaganda is used to control)
20. Holocaust
21. Nuremberg Trials
Section IV: A Divided World
22. Iron Curtain
23. Containment
24. Communism
25. Berlin Wall
Teacher Note: Some words in the bank like "Bourgeoisie", "Fascism", "Totalitarianism", and "League of Nations" are distractors or are interchangeable depending on context, but the primary mapping follows the logic of the narrative provided in the student version.
Conflict Logic Key Teacher Conflict Logic Key
Teacher Answer Key | WWI & Cold War Organizers
Teacher Resource
1. The Chain of World War I (M.A.I.N.)
MILITARISM: Glorification of the military; arms race between Great Britain and Germany (navies); massive build-up of troops and tech.
ALLIANCES: Secret treaties meant that a conflict between two nations dragged in many others (Triple Entente vs Triple Alliance).
IMPERIALISM: Competition for colonies and resources in Africa and Asia created intense friction between European powers.
NATIONALISM: Extreme pride in one's nation/ethnic group; specifically Serbian nationalism (Black Hand) wanting independence from Austria.
The Spark: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne).
2. The Cold War Division
Western Bloc (USA)
Capitalism: Private ownership, free markets, individual enterprise.
NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization; mutual defense pact against communism.
Containment: Truman Doctrine/Marshall Plan; stopping the spread of communism anywhere in the world.
Eastern Bloc (USSR)
Communism: State ownership of means of production, planned economy, classless society goals.
Warsaw Pact: Response to NATO; collective defense between USSR and Eastern European satellites.
Iron Curtain: Metaphor for the isolation of Soviet-controlled territory; censorship and restricted travel.
Modern Era Sorting Cards Modern Era Sorting Cards
World History Final Exam Semester 2 | Review Activity
Kinesthetic Review
Teacher Directions: Cut out the cards below. Students should sort the "Feature/Event" cards into the three correct "Era" categories. Cards are randomized below to prevent easy guessing.
The Enlightenment
Reason & Rights
Industrial Revolution
Machines & Cities
Age of Imperialism
Empire & Expansion
Natural Rights: Life, Liberty, Property
Berlin Conference: Scramble for Africa
Mass Urbanization: Moving to Cities
Separation of Powers & Checks/Balances
The Steam Engine & Textile Factories
Social Darwinism & "White Man's Burden"
Challenging the Divine Right of Kings
Search for Raw Materials & New Markets
The Rise of the Working Class (Proletariat)
The Social Contract: Consent of Governed
The Sepoy Mutiny in British India
Laissez-faire (Hands-off) Economics
Freedom of Speech & Religious Tolerance (Voltaire)
Establishment of Colonies in Africa & Asia
Dangerous Factory Conditions & Child Labor
Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Popular Sovereignty
Railroads & Improved Steam Transportation
Exploitation of Indigenous Natural Resources
Exit Tickets Key Teacher Exit Ticket Key
Teacher Answer Key | Mastery Checks 1-5
Teacher Resource
#1 Enlightenment Echoes
Expected: Locke argued that power comes from the "consent of the governed" rather than God (Divine Right). If a monarch fails to protect natural rights (life, liberty, property), citizens have the right to overthrow them.
#2 Industrial Impacts
Urbanization: Mass movement from farms to cities.Working Class: Rise of the proletariat and labor unions.Economic: Shift from hand-made goods to machine-made mass production.
#3 M.A.I.N. Check
M: Militarism | A: Alliances | I: Imperialism | N: Nationalism
#4 The Holocaust
Expected: Military tribunals held to prosecute Nazi leaders for "Crimes Against Humanity." Significant because it established international law and the principle that "just following orders" is not a valid defense.
#5 Cold War Logic
Appeasement: Giving in to an aggressor (Hitler) to avoid war. Resulted in the failure to stop WWII.
Containment: Actively stopping the spread of communism through military/economic aid. Unlike appeasement, it took a firm stand.
Figure Match Challenge Figure Match Challenge
World History Final Exam Semester 2 | Review Activity
Student Name:
Directions: Match the historical figure to their description. Write the correct letter in the blank.
Historical Figures
1. John Locke
2. M. Robespierre
3. Adam Smith
4. Karl Marx
5. F. Ferdinand
6. Winston Churchill
7. Joseph Stalin
8. Adolf Hitler
9. Napoleon
10. Harry Truman
Historical Descriptions
A. Promised "Blood, Toil, Tears, and Sweat" while leading Britain during World War II.
B. Enlightenment thinker who argued government protects Life, Liberty, and Property.
C. Totalitarian leader of the USSR who used Five-Year Plans and purges.
D. Author of The Wealth of Nations ; father of modern Capitalism.
E. Led the Reign of Terror in France, executing thousands via the guillotine.
F. His assassination in Sarajevo was the "spark" that triggered World War I.
G. Radical author who predicted a violent revolution of the working class (Proletariat).
H. French military leader who rose during the Revolution and became Emperor.
I. U.S. President who authorized atomic bombs and initiated the policy of Containment.
J. Fascist dictator of Germany whose expansion led to WWII and the Holocaust.
Witness Gallery Guide Witness Gallery Guide
World History Final Exam Semester 2 | Primary Source Review
Gallery Walk
Directions: Analyze the primary source excerpts at each station. Answer the questions in the space provided, citing evidence from the text where possible.
Station 1: The French Revolution Source: Declaration of the Rights of Man (1789)
"Men are born and remain free and equal in rights... The aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression."
Question: Which Enlightenment thinker's ideas are clearly reflected in this document? Explain how these ideas challenged absolute rule.
Station 2: The Industrial Revolution Source: Testimony of Elizabeth Bentley (1832)
"I was a little child... I was about six years old when I first went to the mill... the hours of labor were from five in the morning till nine at night... we were beaten if we were too late or were tired."
Question: What negative social impact of industrialization is described here? How did accounts like this influence political change in Britain?
Station 3: Imperialism Source: Chief Kabongo of the Kikuyu, Kenya
"The Pink Cheeks (Europeans) brought us many things... but they took our land from us. They said it was theirs by right of their laws. We did not understand their laws."
Question: Based on this account, how did European legal systems and land ownership impact indigenous cultures and societies?
Station 4: The Cold War Source: Winston Churchill, "Sinews of Peace" (1946)
"From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe."
Question: What does the term "Iron Curtain" symbolize regarding the political and ideological division of Europe after WWII?
Final Reflection: Which station's primary source do you think best represents the biggest change in human history covered in this semester? Why?
Conflict Logic Maps Conflict Logic Maps
World History Final Exam Semester 2 | Review Organizer
Student Name:
Concept Word Bank
Alliance System
Appeasement
Archduke Ferdinand
Capitalism
Communism
Containment
Iron Curtain
Militarism
NATO
Nationalism
Trench Warfare
Warsaw Pact
1. The Chain of World War I
Explain how each M.A.I.N. cause created the tension needed for a global outbreak.
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
The Spark
(Identify the event and the primary victim)
Result: WWI & Trench Warfare
2. The Cold War Division
Complete the comparison showing the ideological split. Note the difference from WWII Appeasement.
Western Bloc (USA)
Economic System (Capitalism)
Military Alliance (NATO)
Containment Policy
Eastern Bloc (USSR)
Economic System (Communism)
Military Alliance (Warsaw Pact)
The Iron Curtain
Modern Mastery Exit Tickets Modern Mastery Exit Tickets
World History Final Exam Semester 2 | Quick Review Checks
Final Prep
Ticket #1
Enlightenment Echoes
Explain how John Locke’s ideas about natural rights challenged the power of absolute monarchs.
Student: ____________________ Date: ________
Ticket #2
Industrial Impacts
List three major social or economic changes caused by the Industrial Revolution.
Student: ____________________ Date: ________
Ticket #3
M.A.I.N. Check
What does the acronym M.A.I.N. stand for in the context of World War I causes?
M:
A:
I:
N:
Student: ____________________ Date: ________
Ticket #4
The Holocaust
What were the Nuremberg Trials, and why were they significant following the Holocaust?
Student: ____________________ Date: ________
Ticket #5
Cold War Logic
Compare and contrast the policy of Appeasement (WWII) with the policy of Containment (Cold War).
Appeasement (Pre-WWII)
Containment (Cold War)
Student Name: ________________________________________________ Date: ________
