Reaction Roadmap Organizer Reaction Roadmap
Topic 1: Matter & Change
Name: __________________________
Date: ___________________________
The Big Idea: Rearrangement
"Matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. Atoms simply find new dance partners."
Reactants
Define it & give an example...
Products
Define it & give an example...
1. Explain what happens to individual atoms during a chemical reaction. Do they disappear? Do they change identity?
The Great Sort: Change
Physical Change
Phase changes (ice melting)
Breaking/Cutting
Dissolving
Identify one more:
Chemical Change
Color changes
Gas production (bubbles)
Precipitate forms
Identify one more:
Particle Level Modeling
Draw a model of a chemical reaction where conservation of matter is visible. Use different shapes/colors for different types of atoms.
Reactants (Before)
Start with two different molecules
Products (After)
Show the SAME atoms rearranged
Check Your Model:
Counted all atoms? Labeled everything? No "new" atoms added?
Living Beyond Earth
Constraint: Distance and Time
Why do these factors make space travel so difficult for chemists and engineers?
1. How does the distance from Earth affect what substances we choose to bring vs. what we obtain in space?
2. Essay Prompt: Imagine you are planning a mission to Mars. If a chemical reactor for generating oxygen breaks, explain how "time" becomes your greatest enemy.
Water Wonders Review Water Wonders
Topic 2: Water Chemistry & Erosion
REF: H2O-MIDTERM-2026
The Polarity Puzzle
O
H
H
δ −
δ +
δ +
"Water is polar because oxygen is a 'bully' (more electronegative) and pulls electrons closer, while the bent shape prevents the charges from canceling out."
Electronegativity
The "pull" an atom has on electrons. Oxygen's high pull creates the partial negative charge.
Bent Shape
If water were straight (linear), the charges would balance out. The 'V' shape makes it polar.
Partial Charges
Represented by delta (δ). These charges allow water to stick to things like a magnet.
The Properties Matrix
Property Definition (In your own words) How it Supports Life Cohesion Surface tension (insects on water) Adhesion
| Capillary action (water up plants) |
| High Specific Heat |
| Stabilizes ocean/lake temperatures |
| Universal Solvent |
| Transports nutrients in blood/cells |
Practice Pitstop: Midterm Check-In
QUESTION 1
Which property of water best explains why oceans and lakes help keep nearby climates from changing temperature rapidly?
A) Low density as a solid
B) High specific heat capacity
C) Low surface tension
D) High electrical conductivity
Expert Explanation:
Water takes a lot of energy to heat up or cool down. Because of its High Specific Heat , large bodies of water act as thermal buffers, absorbing heat during the day and releasing it slowly at night, preventing extreme swings.
QUESTION 2
Which statements correctly explain how water’s properties help support life and/or chemical reactions? (Select 2)
"Water is chemically inert in all situations." (Incorrect: Water is highly reactive and a solvent.)
Water’s polarity helps it dissolve many ionic and polar substances.
Water’s transparency can allow light to reach organisms living in water.
Expert Explanation:
Polarity allows water to pull apart ionic bonds (like salt), making it the Universal Solvent . Transparency is vital for Photosynthesis underwater, ensuring that energy can flow to aquatic plants.
The Erosion Link
Explain how differences in polarity could lead to different erosion patterns on Mars if we were comparing water to a non-polar liquid like oil.
Plan your answer here... think about how 'sticky' water is vs. oil. How would that affect how much soil it can carry?
Sorting the Science
Categorize each item as a property mainly connected to Cohesion , Adhesion , or Energy/Temperature .
Cohesion
Adhesion
Energy/Temp
Surface Tension
Capillary Action
High Specific Heat
Moderates Climate
Water Beads Up
Meniscus in Glass
Evidence of Water on Mars
Key Discovery: Scientists look for specific surface features to prove water once flowed on Mars. Not all "channels" are created by water!
1. Identifying Water-Formed Features
Which process could be mistaken for water-formed features? (Circle all that apply)
Wind erosion
Asteroid impacts
Gravity-driven movement
2. Best Type of Evidence
What is the "Gold Standard" evidence for liquid water flow in satellite imagery?
Hint: Look for branching tributaries feeding into a main channel.
Experimental Controls
When comparing how different liquids (like water vs. oil) affect erosion, which variables MUST be kept the same? (Select 2)
Slope/Angle of surface
Amount of liquid added
Color of the liquid
Brand name of the container
Water: The Universal Solvent • Midterm Review 2026
Atomic Architect Flashcards Atomic Architect
MODULE 03: SUBATOMIC STRUCTURE & IONS
01 Terminology Link
A. Proton
B. Neutron
C. Electron
D. Atomic Number
1. Neutral particle found in the nucleus.
2. Equals the number of protons in an atom.
3. Positively charged particle; defines the element.
4. Negatively charged particle outside the nucleus.
02 The Ion Calculation Lab
The Rule of Charges
Protons (+) minus Electrons (−) = Net Charge
Mass Number
Protons + Neutrons = Mass Number
Given Data Protons Neutrons Electrons Ion with 16P, 18N, and 2− charge 16 18 ? Neutral atom: Atomic #12, Mass #25 12 ? 12 Ion with 11P, 12N, and 1+ charge 11 12 ?
03 Study Flashcards (Cut along dashed lines)
Atomic Number
(Front)
The number of protons in the nucleus. It defines the identity of the element.
(Back)
Ion
(Front)
An atom with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
(Back)
Neutral Atom
(Front)
An atom where the number of protons equals the number of electrons (Net charge = 0).
(Back)
Conservation of Matter
(Front)
Matter is neither created nor destroyed; atoms are rearranged into new combinations.
(Back)
Mastery Mock Exam Mastery Mock Exam
Midterm Prep • Final Review Set
Success Rate
100%
01
Which statement best describes what happens to atoms during a chemical reaction?
A) Atoms are destroyed and replaced by new atoms.
B) Atoms are rearranged into new combinations to form products.
C) Atoms change into energy as bonds form.
D) Only molecules change; atoms stay bonded to the same atoms.
Expert Explanation
Law of Conservation of Matter! Atoms are like Lego bricks. You can pull them apart and build something new, but you still have the same number and type of bricks you started with.
02
What happens to the total mass of reactants compared to the total mass of products in a closed system?
A) The mass stays exactly the same.
B) The mass increases as new substances are formed.
C) The mass decreases as bonds release energy.
D) The mass changes depending on the state of matter.
Expert Explanation
Mass is conserved. If you start with 10g of reactants, you must end with 10g of products. Any apparent loss of mass is usually due to gas escaping if the system is "open".
03
Why are "distance and time" considered constraints for obtaining materials beyond Earth?
A) Gravity is weaker far away from Earth.
B) Radio signals take too long to reach Mars.
C) Resupply missions are expensive and take months or years to arrive.
D) Oxygen only exists on Earth.
Expert Explanation
If you run out of a vital chemical on Mars, you can't just order more for overnight delivery. The distance makes "In-Situ Resource Utilization" (finding materials there) essential for survival.
04
Which property best explains how a water strider insect can "walk" on water?
A) Surface tension created by cohesion.
B) Adhesion to the insect's legs.
C) Low density of liquid water.
D) High specific heat.
Expert Explanation
Cohesion is water molecules sticking to EACH OTHER. At the surface, they create a 'skin-like' tension that can support the light weight of certain organisms.
05
An ion has 16 protons, 18 neutrons, and a 2− charge. How many electrons does it have?
A) 14 electrons
B) 16 electrons
C) 18 electrons
D) 34 electrons
Expert Explanation
Protons (16+) and Electrons (18−) result in a net charge of 2−. Remember: Neutral atoms have equal P and E. To get a negative charge, you must ADD more electrons than protons.
