Core Clue
Tiny Particle
Word Bank:
tiny nucleus protons neutrons electrons
Use the word bank above to complete the definition of an atom:
1. An atom is the smallest basic building block of all physical matter.
2. Atoms are so super that you need an electron microscope to detect them!
3. The dense center hub of every atom is called the .
In Your Own Words (Explain what an atom is using a toy comparison):
Have a positive (+) electrical charge. Located in center nucleus.
0 Neutrons
Have a neutral (0) charge. Also sit inside the center nucleus.
- Electrons
Have a negative (-) charge. Zoom around the nucleus at light speed!
Unit 1: Matter Foundations Turn page for Atom Model & Workshop
Matter Lab • Term 2 (Page 2 of 2)
ATOM: Diagrams & Mastery
Single atom structure
Use the clues to label the Nucleus, Protons (+), and orbiting Electrons (-):
+ 0 Center
-
-
Center Nucleus: Contains the protons and neutrons together.
Label:
Outer Ring: Shows where negative electrons zoom around.
Label:
Too Complex or Pure Energy
These are either made of many atoms joined, or have zero atoms:
✕ H₂O Water Molecule 3 atoms bonded together!
✕ An Apple Trillions of joined atoms!
✕ Lightning Electrical energy flow!
Guided Claim: Every desk, pencil, and drop of water is built out of billions of tiny joined together.
Explain why you cannot see atoms with your naked eyes:
Term 2 Complete Page 4 of 16
Matter Lab • Term 3 (Page 1 of 2)
Name: Date:
noun
Big Idea: A pure substance made of only ONE kind of atom!
Core Clue
Periodic Table
Word Bank:
pure one symbol gold table
Use the word bank above to complete the definition:
1. An element is a substance made of only type of atom.
2. It cannot be separated into simpler substances because all atoms in the sample are identical.
3. Every known element is cataloged on the scientific Periodic .
In Your Own Words (Explain why pure 24-karat gold is an element):
✓
Chemical Symbol: Uses a 1 or 2 letter code (e.g. O for Oxygen, He for Helium).
✓
Atomic Number: Tells the exact number of protons in every atom of that element.
✓
118 Known: Scientists have discovered 118 total elements in our universe!
✓
Nature & Labs: Most occur naturally on Earth; a few are made by scientists in labs.
Unit 1: Matter Foundations Turn page for Periodic Tiles & Workshop
Matter Lab • Term 3 (Page 2 of 2)
ELEMENT: Periodic Tiles & Mastery
Pure chemical elements
Examine these 3 elements and fill in the missing tile details:
Atomic #79 Au Gold Shiny metal element
Atomic #8 O Oxygen Gas we breathe
Atomic #26 Fe
Name:
(Hint: Strong magnetic metal!)
Contains 2+ Different Elements
These are NOT elements because they contain different atoms combined:
✕ H₂O Water Hydrogen + Oxygen combined!
✕ NaCl Table Salt Sodium + Chlorine combined!
✕ Salad / Pizza Mixture of many compounds!
Guided Claim: Oxygen is an element because every single atom inside a sample of pure oxygen is .
Why is water (H₂O) NOT an element? Explain in one sentence:
Term 3 Complete Page 6 of 16
Matter Lab • Term 4 (Page 1 of 2)
Name: Date:
noun
Big Idea: A clue or trait you observe and measure to describe matter!
Core Clue
Observable Trait
Word Bank:
observe measure senses color texture
Use the word bank above to complete the definition:
1. A property is a characteristic used to describe, identify, and classify matter.
2. Scientists properties using their 5 .
3. Scientists also use lab tools (like rulers and scales) to properties accurately.
In Your Own Words (Explain why properties are like detective clues):
Sight: Color, shape, luster (shiny vs dull), and state (solid, liquid, gas).
Touch: Texture (smooth, rough, bumpy, soft, silky, or gritty).
Lab Tools: Mass (balance), volume (graduated cylinder), temperature.
Special Tests: Magnetism (attracted to magnets), solubility (dissolves in water).
Unit 1: Matter Foundations Turn page for Property Clues & Workshop
Matter Lab • Term 4 (Page 2 of 2)
PROPERTY: Detective Lab & Mastery
Observe & Record Traits
Pick any object in your classroom (e.g. pencil, book, eraser) and record 4 properties:
Color:
Texture:
Weight:
State:
Objects are NOT properties!
An object HAS properties, but the object itself is NOT a property:
✕ A Gold Coin This is an object! (Shiny is the property)
✕ Wooden Desk This is an object! (Hard is the property)
✕ Running Fast This is an action/verb!
Guided Claim: Two physical properties of an apple are its color and its texture.
Why do scientists need to test properties to identify unknown powders?
Term 4 Complete Page 8 of 16
Matter Lab • Term 5 (Page 1 of 2)
Name: Date:
noun phrase
Big Idea: The three main forms of matter: solid, liquid, and gas!
Core Clue
Phase Change
Word Bank:
solid liquid gas heat energy
Use the word bank above to complete the definition:
1. The three common states of matter on Earth are , , and .
2. Matter changes between states when you add or remove thermal (heat).
3. Changing state is a physical change—the substance stays the exact same chemical!
In Your Own Words (Explain how an ice cube turns into a puddle of water):
Add Heat (Warming): Particles gain energy, vibrate faster, and spread further apart!
Remove Heat (Cooling): Particles lose energy, slow down, and lock closer together!
Melting: Solid changes into liquid (e.g. ice melts at 0°C / 32°F).
Evaporation: Liquid boils or evaporates into invisible gas vapor!
Unit 1: Matter Foundations Turn page for State Triad & Workshop
Matter Lab • Term 5 (Page 2 of 2)
STATES OF MATTER: Phase Workshop
Same H₂O in 3 States
Examine water in all 3 states and complete the descriptions:
1. Solid (Ice) Keeps its shape
Shape:
2. Liquid (Water) Flows & pours
Shape:
3. Gas (Steam) Fills whole room
Shape:
Reactions or Measurements
These are chemical reactions or physical properties, NOT states:
✕ Burning Chemical burning reaction!
✕ Mass / Weight A property measurement!
✕ Electricity Electrical energy flow!
Guided Claim: When tap water in a kettle is boiled on the stove, it changes from a into steam, which is a .
Why is melting ice considered a physical change, not chemical?
Term 5 Complete Page 10 of 16
Matter Lab • Term 6 (Page 1 of 2)
Name: Date:
noun / adj
Big Idea: Matter that holds its own fixed shape and volume!
Core Clue
Fixed Shape
Word Bank:
shape tightly vibrate fixed volume
Use the word bank above to complete the definition:
1. A solid has a definite, fixed and a definite .
2. A solid does NOT change its shape when moved from a desk into a bucket.
3. Particles inside a solid are packed very in neat, orderly rows.
In Your Own Words (Explain why a book stays the same shape anywhere you put it):
✓
Vibrating Motion: Particles cannot slide around; they only vibrate in fixed spots!
✓
Cannot Squash: Almost impossible to compress because there is zero empty room.
✓
Hard or Soft: Rocks and soft foam sponges are both solids (both keep shape!).
✓
Rigid Structure: Holds up weight and maintains boundaries on its own.
Unit 1: Matter Foundations Turn page for Particle Model & Workshop
Matter Lab • Term 6 (Page 2 of 2)
SOLID: Particle Model & Workshop
Neat, packed rows
Notice how tightly packed the particles are in a solid:
Locked in Place • Vibrating
Name 3 solids on your desk right now:
Shapes Change Easily
These are fluids that take the shape of containers, NOT solids:
✕ Apple Juice Flows to fit container (Liquid)!
✕ Helium Gas Expands to fill balloon (Gas)!
✕ Water Vapor Spreads in air (Gas)!
Guided Claim: A wooden desk is a solid because it keeps its fixed even when moved across the room.
Why can you not easily squish or compress a solid wooden block?
Term 6 Complete Page 12 of 16
Matter Lab • Term 7 (Page 1 of 2)
Name: Date:
noun / adj
Big Idea: Matter that flows and takes the shape of its container!
Core Clue
Definite Volume
Word Bank:
volume shape flows slide container
Use the word bank above to complete the definition:
1. A liquid has a fixed, measurable , but NO fixed shape.
2. A liquid smoothly and takes the shape of whatever cup or bowl you pour it into.
3. Particles are close together, but free to past each other.
In Your Own Words (Explain why 100 mL of water is still 100 mL in a wide bowl):
✓
Fluid Motion: Particles slide and roll past each other, allowing liquids to be poured!
✓
Bottom Up: Always fills the bottom of any container first due to gravity.
✓
Fixed Volume: 250 mL of juice cannot magically shrink or expand by itself.
✓
Viscosity: Some liquids flow fast (water), while others flow slow (honey)!
Unit 1: Matter Foundations Turn page for Particle Model & Workshop
Matter Lab • Term 7 (Page 2 of 2)
LIQUID: Sliding Particles & Workshop
Sliding loosely at bottom
Notice how liquid particles touch, but can freely slide and roll past each other:
Close Together • Free to Flow
List 3 liquids you drink or use at home:
Rigid or Expanding
These states are NOT liquids:
✕ Ice Cube Keeps fixed shape (Solid)!
✕ Oxygen Gas No fixed volume (Gas)!
✕ Metal Spoon Rigid solid metal!
Guided Claim: When I pour orange juice into a tall glass, its shape changes to match the glass, but its stays the exact same.
Why can you easily pour water, but you cannot pour a wooden pencil?
Term 7 Complete Page 14 of 16
Matter Lab • Term 8 (Page 1 of 2)
Name: Date:
noun
Big Idea: Matter that spreads out to fill any container or space!
Core Clue
Expands Freely
Word Bank:
shape volume spreads fast invisible
Use the word bank above to complete the definition:
1. A gas has **NO** fixed and **NO** fixed .
2. A gas out freely in all directions to completely fill any room, tank, or balloon.
3. Most gases around us (like air and oxygen) are completely to our human eyes!
In Your Own Words (Explain what happens to the gas inside when a balloon pops):
✓
High Energy: Particles zoom super fast and bounce off the walls in every direction!
✓
Huge Empty Space: Gas particles are spaced extremely far apart from each other.
✓
Compressible: You can easily squish (compress) large amounts of gas into small tanks.
✓
Creates Pressure: Gas particles bouncing against walls create air pressure!
Unit 1: Matter Foundations Turn page for Particle Model & Workshop
Matter Lab • Term 8 (Page 2 of 2)
GAS: Bouncing Particles & Mastery
Far apart & bouncing
Notice the wide spacing and fast motion arrows of gas particles:
Far Apart • Fast Motion
List 3 real gases in our everyday world:
Fixed Volume States
These states have definite volume and do NOT expand freely:
✕ Tap Water Fixed volume liquid!
✕ Iron Nail Fixed shape solid!
✕ Olive Oil Fixed volume liquid!
Guided Claim: When a balloon pops, the gas particles quickly rush out and spread all around the .
How can you prove that invisible air is actually real matter?
Term 8 Complete • Packet Finish! Page 16 of 16
Examples ✂️ Cut
• Pure 24K Gold (Au)
• Oxygen gas (O₂) & Helium (He)
• Pure Iron (Fe) & Copper (Cu)
QUADRANT 3: EXAMPLES
Non-Examples ✂️ Cut
• Water (H₂O: Hydrogen + Oxygen)
• Table salt (NaCl: Sodium + Chlorine)
• Wood, plastic, air (compounds/mixes)
QUADRANT 4: NON-EXAMPLES
TERM 4: PROPERTY Observable or measurable trait
Definition ✂️ Cut
A characteristic, trait, or feature used to describe, identify, compare, and classify matter.
QUADRANT 1: DEFINITION
Characteristics ✂️ Cut
• Physical: observed without new substance
• Chemical: observed during reactions
• Measurable with science lab tools
QUADRANT 2: CHARACTERISTICS
Examples ✂️ Cut
• Density, mass, and volume
• Magnetism & conductivity
• Melting point, color, hardness
QUADRANT 3: EXAMPLES
Non-Examples ✂️ Cut
• The object itself (a copper penny)
• An event (dropping an ice cube)
• A scientist measuring an object
QUADRANT 4: NON-EXAMPLES
✂️ Fits directly into Frayer Model #3 & #4 quadrants Page 2 of 4 • Matter Foundations
Large-Format Cut & Paste Tiles • Sheet 3 of 4
Name: Date:
✂️ Directions: Cut along outer dashed borders. Paste tiles into the matching Frayer model quadrants. States of Matter & Solid
TERM 5: STATES OF MATTER Physical forms matter takes
Definition ✂️ Cut
The distinct physical forms that matter takes depending on temperature and particle kinetic energy.
QUADRANT 1: DEFINITION
Characteristics ✂️ Cut
• 3 main Earth states: solid, liquid, gas
• Phase transitions when heat is added/lost
• Physical state changes do not alter atoms
QUADRANT 2: CHARACTERISTICS
Examples ✂️ Cut
• Ice melting into liquid water
• Liquid water boiling into vapor
• Solid dry ice sublimating to CO₂ gas
QUADRANT 3: EXAMPLES
Non-Examples ✂️ Cut
• Chemical burning or rusting
• Thermal heat energy or light
• Measurements like density or mass
QUADRANT 4: NON-EXAMPLES
TERM 6: SOLID Definite shape & definite volume
Definition ✂️ Cut
A rigid state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume.
QUADRANT 1: DEFINITION
Characteristics ✂️ Cut
• Particles packed in fixed positions
• Particles vibrate in place (no flow)
• Incompressible; keeps fixed shape
QUADRANT 2: CHARACTERISTICS
Examples ✂️ Cut
• Solid ice cubes & rock crystals
• Wooden desk, pencil, book
• Steel bar, iron nail, coin
QUADRANT 3: EXAMPLES
Non-Examples ✂️ Cut
• Liquid milk, vegetable oil, juice
• Helium gas inside a balloon
• Water vapor / steam in air
QUADRANT 4: NON-EXAMPLES
✂️ Fits directly into Frayer Model #5 & #6 quadrants Page 3 of 4 • Matter Foundations
Large-Format Cut & Paste Tiles • Sheet 4 of 4
Name: Date:
✂️ Directions: Cut along outer dashed borders. Paste tiles into the matching Frayer model quadrants. Liquid & Gas
TERM 7: LIQUID Definite volume, flows to container shape
Definition ✂️ Cut
A fluid state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape, taking container shape.
QUADRANT 1: DEFINITION
Characteristics ✂️ Cut
• Particles close together but slide past
• Flows readily; fixed volume
• Cannot be easily compressed
QUADRANT 2: CHARACTERISTICS
Examples ✂️ Cut
• Liquid water in a glass
• Fresh milk, orange juice, oil
• Molten wax & honey
QUADRANT 3: EXAMPLES
Non-Examples ✂️ Cut
• Solid ice cubes & rock boulders
• Helium gas inside balloons
• Water vapor / steam in air
QUADRANT 4: NON-EXAMPLES
TERM 8: GAS No definite shape or volume
Definition ✂️ Cut
A state of matter that has no definite shape and no definite volume, expanding to fill containers.
QUADRANT 1: DEFINITION
Characteristics ✂️ Cut
• High kinetic energy; rapid movement
• Particles far apart with empty space
• Highly compressible
QUADRANT 2: CHARACTERISTICS
Examples ✂️ Cut
• Oxygen gas (O₂) & Nitrogen in air
• Helium gas in floating balloons
• Carbon dioxide (CO₂) & steam
QUADRANT 3: EXAMPLES
Non-Examples ✂️ Cut
• Liquid water, syrup, gasoline
• Solid aluminum foil, iron bar
• Glass marble & wooden block
QUADRANT 4: NON-EXAMPLES
✂️ Fits directly into Frayer Model #7 & #8 quadrants Page 4 of 4 • Matter Foundations
Helium 🎈
#8
O
Oxygen 🌬️
Water is H₂O (2 Hydrogen + 1 Oxygen mixed together!)
💡 How many total elements exist on the Periodic Table? 118 Elements! 🌟
CLUE #4
👀 Observe & Measure!
🕵️ Detective Description
A property is a special clue or feature you use to describe and identify an object!
Use Your 5 Senses! 🖐️👃👂
Is it hard or soft? Shiny or dull? Magnetic? Does it float or sink?
⚡ Top Science Properties to Test:
🧲
Magnetism
Does a magnet stick?
🎨
Color & Texture
Smooth, rough, red?
🔥
Melting Point
Does it melt in heat?
🌊
Float or Sink
Density in water!
❓ Is "a wooden baseball bat" a property? NO! That's the object! ⚾
CLUE #5
Particle Dance Moves! ✨
🧊
Fixed Shape & Volume
Dance Move:
Locked elbow-to-elbow, vibrating in one spot! 🔒
💧
Takes Container Shape
Dance Move:
Holding hands and sliding smoothly past each other! 🌊
🎈
Fills the Entire Room!
Dance Move:
Bouncing off the walls and zooming crazy fast! 🚀
🔥 Heat = Energy: When you add heat, particles get excited and SPEED UP! Ice ➡️ Water ➡️ Steam
CLUE #6
🔒 Rigid & Strong!
🧱 Solid Secret
A solid keeps its OWN fixed shape no matter what container you put it into!
Particle Model:
Packed tight in neat rows!
💎 Everyday Solids Around Us:
🧊
Ice Cube
🪨
Rock / Stone
✏️
Pencil & Book
🧱
Toy Brick
❓ If you put an ice cube into a bowl, does it turn into a bowl shape? NO! Stays a cube! 🧊
CLUE #7
🌊 Splash & Pour!
🧃 Liquid Secret
A liquid has a fixed amount (volume), but it flows and shapeshifts to fit any glass or cup!
Particle Model:
Sliding & rolling around!
🥛 Delicious Liquids We Love:
💧
Water
🥛
Fresh Milk
🍊
Orange Juice
🍯
Sticky Honey
🥤 Pour juice from a tall cup to a bowl: Did you gain or lose juice? SAME AMOUNT! 🎉
CLUE #8
💨 Expands Everywhere!
💨 Gas Secret
A gas has NO fixed shape and NO fixed volume—it spreads out to fill any space completely!
Particle Model:
High speed & flying apart! 🚀
🍿 Gas All Around Us:
🎈
Helium Balloon
🌬️
Oxygen in Air
🍿
Popcorn Smell
♨️
Hot Steam
🍿 Why can you smell pizza from across the whole house? Gas zooms fast! 🚀
Can You Name the State of Matter in 3 Seconds?
Class Quiz Time! ⭐
🛹
A Skateboard
SOLID! 🧊
🍫
Melted Chocolate
LIQUID! 💧
💨
Breath on Cold Day
GAS! 🎈
🧲
A Magnet Test
PROPERTY! 🔍
🎉 Super Job! You are now certified Official Matter Detectives! 100% Mastered! ⭐
Cut along dashed lines for Word Wall & Flashcards
5
phrase
SOLID Ice Cube
+Heat ➔
LIQUID Tap Water
+Heat ➔
GAS Steam Cloud
What is it? The three main forms that matter can take (solid, liquid, or gas) depending on heat energy!
Adding heat makes particles move faster and spread apart.
Changing state is physical: ice, liquid water, & steam are all H₂O!
3 States: Solid Liquid Gas
6
noun / adj
Tightly Packed Rows
Definite Shape: rigid
Definite Volume: fixed
Motion: vibrates only
What is it? Matter that has its own fixed shape and fixed volume. It does NOT change shape in a cup!
Particles are locked tightly in place; they only vibrate.
Hard to squash because there is almost zero empty space.
Examples: Wooden Desk Ice Cube Pencil
7
noun / adj
100 mL
Shape: flows & pours
Volume: definite (fixed)
Motion: slides loosely
What is it? Matter that flows and takes the shape of its container, but keeps the exact same volume!
Particles touch each other but are free to slide past and flow.
100 mL of juice in a bottle is still 100 mL in a wide bowl!
Examples: Drinking Water Milk Orange Juice
8
noun
➔
⬅
⬇
⬆
Shape: fills whole room
Volume: expands freely
Speed: super fast!
What is it? High-energy matter with no fixed shape and no fixed volume that spreads out everywhere!
Particles are spaced far apart with lots of empty space.
Can be compressed (squeezed) into small tanks.
Examples: Air / Oxygen Helium Balloon Steam Vapor
Physical Science Lab • Cards 5 through 8 Page 2 of 2
2. Characteristics Key features & traits
PASTE CHARACTERISTICS SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing protons, neutrons & electrons
Key Idea:
3. Real Examples Single atom types
PASTE EXAMPLES SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing single atoms like C, H & Au
Key Idea:
4. Non-Examples Multi-atom molecules & energy
PASTE NON-EXAMPLES SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing molecules (H₂O) & cells
Key Idea:
CUT STRIP: Carefully cut out the 4 picture symbols below and paste into the quadrants above. Sheet 2 of 8
SYMBOL A ✂️ Cut
p⁺ n⁰ e⁻
Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
Dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of orbiting negative electrons.
Clue: Internal Anatomy
SYMBOL B ✂️ Cut
C H Au
Carbon, Hydrogen & Gold
Individual atoms with specific proton numbers (H = 1, C = 6, Au = 79).
Clue: Atomic Elements
SYMBOL C ✂️ Cut
Basic Unit of Matter
The smallest fundamental unit of a chemical element that keeps its identity.
Clue: Building Block
SYMBOL D ✂️ Cut
H₂O
Molecules, Cells & Electricity
Groups of bonded atoms (water molecule), living cells, or pure energy flow.
Clue: Larger or Energy
Picture Symbol Frayer • Model #3
Name: Date: Class:
noun
Focus Question: How do scientists catalog pure substances that have only ONE kind of atom?
Catalog
118 Elements
Cut & Paste Task: Cut the 4 picture symbols from the bottom strip. Glue each symbol into its matching quadrant!
4 Picture Tiles
1. Definition What is it?
PASTE DEFINITION SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing pure substance with 1 kind of atom
Key Idea:
2. Characteristics Key features & traits
PASTE CHARACTERISTICS SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing the periodic table and chemical symbols
Key Idea:
3. Real Examples Pure elements
PASTE EXAMPLES SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing pure gold, copper, iron & oxygen
Key Idea:
4. Non-Examples Compounds & mixtures
PASTE NON-EXAMPLES SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing compounds like water & salt
Key Idea:
CUT STRIP: Carefully cut out the 4 picture symbols below and paste into the quadrants above. Sheet 3 of 8
SYMBOL A ✂️ Cut
H₂O NaCl CO₂
Water, Salt & Carbon Dioxide
Chemical compounds composed of two or more different elements bonded.
Clue: Bonded Compounds
SYMBOL B ✂️ Cut
79 Au
= 100% Pure
Only ONE Kind of Atom
A pure substance that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler matter.
Clue: Pure 1-Atom Form
SYMBOL C ✂️ Cut
Periodic Table Organization
118 known elements arranged by atomic number (# of protons in nucleus).
Clue: Science Chart
SYMBOL D ✂️ Cut
🪙 🧲 🧪
Gold, Iron & Oxygen Gas
Pure 24K gold nugget (Au), magnetic iron (Fe), and pure oxygen (O₂).
Clue: Real Pure Samples
Picture Symbol Frayer • Model #4
Name: Date: Class:
noun
Focus Question: How do scientists identify, describe, and compare different kinds of matter?
Classification
Observe / Measure
Cut & Paste Task: Cut the 4 picture symbols from the bottom strip. Glue each symbol into its matching quadrant!
4 Picture Tiles
1. Definition What is it?
PASTE DEFINITION SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing traits used to describe & test matter
Key Idea:
2. Characteristics Key features & traits
PASTE CHARACTERISTICS SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing senses vs measurement lab tools
Key Idea:
3. Real Examples Measurable properties
PASTE EXAMPLES SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing magnetism, density, mass & boiling point
Key Idea:
4. Non-Examples Objects & actions
PASTE NON-EXAMPLES SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing whole objects or actions
Key Idea:
CUT STRIP: Carefully cut out the 4 picture symbols below and paste into the quadrants above. Sheet 4 of 8
SYMBOL A ✂️ Cut
Identifying Characteristic
An observable or measurable trait used to describe, compare, and identify matter.
Clue: Science Trait
SYMBOL B ✂️ Cut
🪙 🪑 🏃
Penny, Desk & Running
The complete object itself or an action/event (NOT a descriptive scientific property).
Clue: Object or Action
SYMBOL C ✂️ Cut
Magnetism, Mass & Boiling Pt
Measurable properties: magnetic pull, grams of mass, and phase-change temperature.
Clue: Tested in Lab
SYMBOL D ✂️ Cut
&
Qualitative vs Quantitative
Observed with human senses (color, smell) or measured with lab tools (rulers, scales).
Clue: Two Test Types
Picture Symbol Frayer • Model #5
Name: Date: Class:
phrase
Focus Question: How does thermal heat energy change the arrangement and motion of particles?
Phases
Solid ⇄ Liquid ⇄ Gas
Cut & Paste Task: Cut the 4 picture symbols from the bottom strip. Glue each symbol into its matching quadrant!
4 Picture Tiles
1. Definition What is it?
PASTE DEFINITION SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing distinct physical phases of matter
Key Idea:
2. Characteristics Key features & traits
PASTE CHARACTERISTICS SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing temperature & heat energy phase changes
Key Idea:
3. Real Examples The 3 phases
PASTE EXAMPLES SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing ice melting into water and boiling into steam
Key Idea:
4. Non-Examples Chemical reactions
PASTE NON-EXAMPLES SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing chemical burning or pure energy
Key Idea:
CUT STRIP: Carefully cut out the 4 picture symbols below and paste into the quadrants above. Sheet 5 of 8
SYMBOL A ✂️ Cut
❄️ ➔ 🔥 ➔ 💨
Thermal Energy Controls Phase
Adding heat speeds up particles; cooling slows them down. Atoms remain the same!
Clue: Heat & Movement
SYMBOL B ✂️ Cut
🧊 💧 ☁️
Ice Cube, Water, Steam
H₂O as solid ice (frozen), liquid water (flowing), and gaseous vapor (steam).
Clue: Water Phase Trio
SYMBOL C ✂️ Cut
Combustion & Electricity
Chemical burning (breaks bonds permanently) or pure energy flow (no particles).
Clue: Chemical Change
SYMBOL D ✂️ Cut
Distinct Physical Forms
The different physical states that matter takes based on particle motion.
Clue: Physical Phases
Picture Symbol Frayer • Model #6
Name: Date: Class:
noun / adj
Focus Question: Why do solids keep their rigid shape without needing a container?
Particle Model
Fixed Shape & Vol
Cut & Paste Task: Cut the 4 picture symbols from the bottom strip. Glue each symbol into its matching quadrant!
4 Picture Tiles
1. Definition What is it?
PASTE DEFINITION SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing definite shape and definite volume
Key Idea:
2. Characteristics Key features & traits
PASTE CHARACTERISTICS SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing tightly packed particles locked in place
Key Idea:
3. Real Examples Rigid items
PASTE EXAMPLES SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing wood, ice cubes & metal nails
Key Idea:
4. Non-Examples Fluids (Flow or Expand)
PASTE NON-EXAMPLES SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing fluids like juice & helium gas
Key Idea:
CUT STRIP: Carefully cut out the 4 picture symbols below and paste into the quadrants above. Sheet 6 of 8
SYMBOL A ✂️ Cut
✏️ 🧊 🧱
Pencil, Ice Cube & Brick
Rigid objects that maintain their exact shape and volume when moved.
Clue: Hard / Rigid Items
SYMBOL B ✂️ Cut
🧃 🎈 ☁️
Fruit Juice & Helium Gas
Fluids that change their shape to fit containers or expand into the room.
Clue: Flowing or Expanding
SYMBOL C ✂️ Cut
Fixed Shape
Definite Shape & Volume
A state of matter that keeps a fixed structural shape and fixed volume.
Clue: Shape & Volume Rule
SYMBOL D ✂️ Cut
Tightly Packed Lattice
Particles locked tightly in place, vibrating only slightly. Cannot be compressed.
Clue: Particle Lattice
Picture Symbol Frayer • Model #7
Name: Date: Class:
noun / adj
Focus Question: How does a fluid adapt to its container while maintaining an exact volume?
Particle Motion
Flows & Slides
Cut & Paste Task: Cut the 4 picture symbols from the bottom strip. Glue each symbol into its matching quadrant!
4 Picture Tiles
1. Definition What is it?
PASTE DEFINITION SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing definite volume + taking container shape
Key Idea:
2. Characteristics Key features & traits
PASTE CHARACTERISTICS SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing particles sliding past each other
Key Idea:
3. Real Examples Flowing liquids
PASTE EXAMPLES SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing water, cooking oil & fresh milk
Key Idea:
4. Non-Examples Solids & Gases
PASTE NON-EXAMPLES SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing rigid ice cubes & expanding air
Key Idea:
CUT STRIP: Carefully cut out the 4 picture symbols below and paste into the quadrants above. Sheet 7 of 8
SYMBOL A ✂️ Cut
Fixed Volume, Takes Shape
Has a definite volume but no fixed shape; flows to match any container.
Clue: Fluid Shape Rule
SYMBOL B ✂️ Cut
Particles Slide Past Each Other
Particles touch closely but roll freely over one another. Cannot compress easily.
Clue: Sliding Particles
SYMBOL C ✂️ Cut
🧊 💨 🥄
Ice Cube, Steam & Metal Spoon
Rigid solids with fixed shapes or gaseous steam that disperses freely.
Clue: Solid or Gas
SYMBOL D ✂️ Cut
💧 🥛 🫒
Tap Water, Milk & Olive Oil
Everyday pourable liquids that fill the bottom of glasses and bottles.
Clue: Everyday Fluids
Picture Symbol Frayer • Model #8
Name: Date: Class:
noun
Focus Question: Why do gas particles zoom apart to completely fill any container or room?
High Energy
Expands Freely
Cut & Paste Task: Cut the 4 picture symbols from the bottom strip. Glue each symbol into its matching quadrant!
4 Picture Tiles
1. Definition What is it?
PASTE DEFINITION SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing no fixed shape and no fixed volume
Key Idea:
2. Characteristics Key features & traits
PASTE CHARACTERISTICS SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing rapid, bouncing, widely spaced particles
Key Idea:
3. Real Examples Real gases
PASTE EXAMPLES SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing air, helium balloons & water vapor
Key Idea:
4. Non-Examples Definite volume states
PASTE NON-EXAMPLES SYMBOL HERE Match the tile showing solid rocks & liquid water
Key Idea:
CUT STRIP: Carefully cut out the 4 picture symbols below and paste into the quadrants above. Sheet 8 of 8
SYMBOL A ✂️ Cut
🪨 🥛 🪙
Hard Rock & Liquid Milk
Solids and liquids that have fixed volumes and cannot freely expand everywhere.
Clue: Definite Volume
SYMBOL B ✂️ Cut
No Fixed Shape or Volume
A state of matter that expands completely to fill any container and compresses easily.
Clue: Spreads Everywhere
SYMBOL C ✂️ Cut
🎈 🤿 💨
Helium, Oxygen & Air
Helium in floating balloons, oxygen gas in scuba tanks, and air in the atmosphere.
Clue: Gas in Everyday Life
SYMBOL D ✂️ Cut
Widely Spaced & High Energy
Particles zoom rapidly in all directions with lots of empty space. Highly compressible.
Clue: Fast Bouncing Motion
Key Verified
Big Idea: The microscopic foundational building block that constructs all matter.
Core Clue
Single Particle
Word Bank Items Used:
tiny (Q2) nucleus (Q3) protons (+) neutrons (0) electrons (-)
1. Scientific Definition Key (Page 3)
Exact Wording
An atom is the smallest basic building block of all physical matter. (Given)
Atoms are so super tiny that you need an electron microscope to detect them!
The dense center hub of every atom is called the nucleus.
In Your Own Words (Toy Comparison) • Model Exemplar Accept Variations
"An atom is like a single microscopic Lego brick. By snapping different Lego bricks together, nature can build water, wood, bones, and everything else."
2. Subatomic Parts (Page 3)
• Protons (+): Positive charge, inside nucleus.
• Neutrons (0): Neutral charge, inside nucleus.
• Electrons (-): Negative charge, zooming in orbits.
3. Diagram Labels (Page 4)
Center Nucleus Label:
Nucleus (or Protons & Neutrons)
Outer Ring Label:
Electrons (or Electron Cloud / Orbit)
4. Non-Examples & 5. Sentence Mastery (Page 4)
Single vs Multi
Guided Claim Solution:
"Every desk, pencil, and drop of water is built out of billions of tiny atoms joined together."
Naked Eyes Question Model:
"We cannot see atoms because they are so unimaginably small that over one million atoms could fit across the dot of a pencil point."
Common Misconception Watch: Students often confuse a single atom with a cell or a molecule. Clarify that a single biological cell contains trillions of atoms, and water (H₂O) is a molecule made of three atoms joined together.
Matter Foundations Lab • Teacher Resource Answer Key Page 2 of 8
Teacher Answer Key & Scoring Guide
Term 3: Element Matches Student Packet pp. 5–6
Key Verified
Big Idea: A pure substance made of only one single type of atom.
Core Clue
Periodic Table
Word Bank Items Used:
pure (Q1a) one (Q1b) table (Q3) gold (Ex) symbol (Sec 2)
1. Scientific Definition Key (Page 5)
Exact Wording
An element is a pure substance made of only one type of atom.
It cannot be separated into simpler substances because all atoms in the sample are identical. (Given)
Every known element is cataloged on the scientific Periodic Table.
In Your Own Words (Pure Gold) • Model Exemplar Accept Variations
"Pure 24-karat gold is an element because every single atom inside it is an identical gold (Au) atom with exactly 79 protons, and no other types of atoms are mixed in."
2. Essential Facts (Page 5)
• Chemical Symbol: 1-2 letter abbreviation.
• Atomic Number: Number of protons.
• 118 Known: Discovered elements to date.
• Natural & Synthetic: Found on Earth or made in labs.
3. Tile Fill-in Key (Page 6)
Tile 3: Fe (Atomic #26) Blank:
Name: Iron
Magnetic metal; accept "Iron" (or Spanish "Hierro").
4. Non-Examples & 5. Sentence Mastery (Page 6)
Pure vs Compound
Guided Claim Solution:
"Oxygen is an element because every single atom inside a sample of pure oxygen is identical / the same / oxygen."
Why H₂O Is NOT an Element Model:
"Water is not an element because it is a compound made of two different elements joined together: hydrogen and oxygen."
Common Misconception Watch: Students often confuse water, salt, and sugar with elements because they appear pure and uniform. Emphasize that anything with a chemical formula containing two or more different capital letters (H₂O, NaCl) is a compound, NOT an element!
Matter Foundations Lab • Teacher Resource Answer Key Page 3 of 8
Teacher Answer Key & Scoring Guide
Term 4: Property Matches Student Packet pp. 7–8
Key Verified
Big Idea: An observable and measurable characteristic used to identify matter.
Core Clue
Observable Trait
Word Bank Items Used:
observe (Q2) senses (Q2) measure (Q3) color (Claim) texture (Claim)
1. Scientific Definition Key (Page 7)
Exact Wording
A property is a characteristic used to describe, identify, and classify matter. (Given)
Scientists observe properties using their 5 senses.
Scientists also use lab tools (like rulers and scales) to measure properties accurately.
In Your Own Words (Detective Clues) • Model Exemplar Accept Variations
"Properties are like detective clues because each material has unique characteristics—like color, texture, magnetism, and melting point—that let us identify it without guessing."
2. Testing Methods (Page 7)
• Sight: Color, luster, shape, state.
• Touch: Texture (smooth, rough, gritty).
• Lab Tools: Mass, volume, temperature.
• Special Tests: Magnetism, solubility.
3. Detective Lab Key (Page 8)
Exemplar Object: Classroom Pencil
• Color: Yellow (or green/blue)
• Texture: Smooth wood, rough eraser
• Weight: Light / ~5 to 10 grams
• State: Solid
4. Non-Examples & 5. Sentence Mastery (Page 8)
Object ≠ Property
Guided Claim Solution:
"Two physical properties of an apple are its red / green color and its smooth / crisp texture."
Unknown Powders Question Model:
"Because many white powders look identical, scientists test properties like water solubility, vinegar fizzing, and melting point to safely tell them apart."
Common Misconception Watch: Students often name the object itself rather than the property (e.g., calling "wood" or "glass" a property instead of "hardness" or "transparency"). Remind them that a property describes how an object looks, feels, or behaves.
Matter Foundations Lab • Teacher Resource Answer Key Page 4 of 8
Teacher Answer Key & Scoring Guide
Term 5: States of Matter Matches Student Packet pp. 9–10
Key Verified
Big Idea: The three physical forms matter takes: solid, liquid, and gas.
Core Clue
Phase Change
Word Bank Items Used:
solid (Q1) liquid (Q1) gas (Q1) energy (Q2) heat (Notes)
1. Scientific Definition Key (Page 9)
Exact Wording
The three common states of matter on Earth are solid, liquid, and gas. (Any order acceptable)
Matter changes between states when you add or remove thermal energy (heat).
Changing state is a physical change—the substance stays the exact same chemical! (Given)
In Your Own Words (Melting Ice) • Model Exemplar Accept Variations
"When an ice cube absorbs thermal heat energy from room air, its tightly locked particles begin vibrating faster until they slip out of fixed rows and slide freely as liquid water."
2. Heating / Cooling Rules (Page 9)
• Add Heat: Particles vibrate faster and spread.
• Remove Heat: Particles slow down and pack.
• Melting: Solid to liquid at 0°C (32°F).
• Evaporation: Liquid to gas vapor.
3. Water Triad Key (Page 10)
1. Solid (Ice) Shape: Definite / Fixed / Keeps shape
2. Liquid (Water) Shape: Takes container shape
3. Gas (Steam) Shape: Fills room / No fixed shape
4. Non-Examples & 5. Sentence Mastery (Page 10)
Reversible Phase
Guided Claim Solution:
"When tap water in a kettle is boiled on the stove, it changes from a liquid into steam, which is a gas."
Physical vs Chemical Model:
"Melting ice is a physical change because ice and liquid water are both chemically identical H₂O; no new chemical substance is formed, and it can be refrozen."
Common Misconception Watch: Many students think that boiling water turns into air or disappears into nothing. Clarify that steam and vapor are still water particles, simply spread far apart as an invisible gas.
Matter Foundations Lab • Teacher Resource Answer Key Page 5 of 8
Teacher Answer Key & Scoring Guide
Term 6: Solid Matches Student Packet pp. 11–12
Key Verified
Big Idea: Matter maintaining a definite, fixed shape and definite volume.
Core Clue
Fixed Shape
Word Bank Items Used:
shape (Q1a) volume (Q1b) tightly (Q3) vibrate (Sec 2) fixed (Claim)
1. Scientific Definition Key (Page 11)
Exact Wording
A solid has a definite, fixed shape and a definite volume. (Accept reversed order)
A solid does NOT change its shape when moved from a desk into a bucket. (Given)
Particles inside a solid are packed very tightly in neat, orderly rows.
In Your Own Words (Book Shape) • Model Exemplar Accept Variations
"A book stays the same shape anywhere you put it because its particles are locked rigidly together in fixed spots and cannot slide around like water."
2. Solid Particle Rules (Page 11)
• Vibration: Particles oscillate in fixed locations.
• Incompressible: Zero empty space between atoms.
• Hard or Soft: Foam sponges and granite are both solids!
• Rigid: Retains structure without a container.
3. Desk Solids Key (Page 12)
Accept any 3 physical classroom objects:
1. Pencil / Pen / Marker
2. Ruler / Eraser / Scissors
3. Desk / Textbook / Notebook
4. Non-Examples & 5. Sentence Mastery (Page 12)
Fixed vs Fluid
Guided Claim Solution:
"A wooden desk is a solid because it keeps its fixed shape / form even when moved across the room."
Incompressibility Model:
"You cannot squish a solid wooden block because its particles are already packed wall-to-wall with no open empty spaces to squeeze into."
Common Misconception Watch: Students often believe powders (flour, sand, salt) are liquids because they can be poured into a bowl. Clarify that each individual grain of sand or sugar is a solid with its own fixed shape!
Matter Foundations Lab • Teacher Resource Answer Key Page 6 of 8
Teacher Answer Key & Scoring Guide
Term 7: Liquid Matches Student Packet pp. 13–14
Key Verified
Big Idea: Matter with a definite volume that flows to match its container's shape.
Core Clue
Definite Volume
Word Bank Items Used:
volume (Q1) flows (Q2) slide (Q3) container (Sec 2) shape (Notes)
1. Scientific Definition Key (Page 13)
Exact Wording
A liquid has a fixed, measurable volume, but NO fixed shape.
A liquid flows smoothly and takes the shape of whatever cup or bowl you pour it into.
Particles are close together, but free to slide past each other.
In Your Own Words (100 mL Water) • Model Exemplar Accept Variations
"100 mL of water is still 100 mL in a wide bowl because changing containers only shifts the water's outward shape; it does not add or remove any water particles."
2. Liquid Behavior (Page 13)
• Fluid Motion: Rolling particles allow pouring.
• Gravity: Fills bottom of container first.
• Fixed Volume: Cannot spontaneously shrink.
• Viscosity: Water flows fast; honey flows slow!
3. Everyday Liquids Key (Page 14)
Accept any 3 common liquid examples:
1. Water / Milk / Orange Juice
2. Cooking Oil / Vinegar / Syrup
3. Shampoo / Liquid Soap / Soda
4. Non-Examples & 5. Sentence Mastery (Page 14)
Fixed Volume
Guided Claim Solution:
"When I pour orange juice into a tall glass, its shape changes to match the glass, but its volume / amount stays the exact same."
Pouring Pencil Comparison Model:
"Water can be poured because its particles can roll and slide past each other, while the particles in a wooden pencil are rigidly locked in place."
Common Misconception Watch: Some students assume liquids expand like gases to fill the entire container. Make sure students realize liquids only fill the bottom of a container up to their exact volume measurement!
Matter Foundations Lab • Teacher Resource Answer Key Page 7 of 8
Teacher Answer Key & Scoring Guide
Term 8: Gas Matches Student Packet pp. 15–16
Key Verified
Big Idea: Matter with no definite shape or volume that spreads out freely.
Core Clue
Expands Freely
Word Bank Items Used:
shape (Q1a) volume (Q1b) spreads (Q2) invisible (Q3) fast (Sec 2)
1. Scientific Definition Key (Page 15)
Exact Wording
A gas has NO fixed shape and NO fixed volume. (Accept reversed order)
A gas spreads out freely in all directions to completely fill any room, tank, or balloon.
Most gases around us (like air and oxygen) are completely invisible to our human eyes!
In Your Own Words (Popped Balloon) • Model Exemplar Accept Variations
"When a balloon pops, the trapped high-pressure gas particles instantly rush outward in every direction and spread evenly throughout the whole room until they blend into the air."
2. Gas Particle Rules (Page 15)
• High Speed: Particles zoom and bounce off walls.
• Spaced Far Apart: Huge empty gaps between molecules.
• Compressible: Can easily be squashed into tanks.
• Air Pressure: Collisions create outward pressure!
3. Everyday Gases Key (Page 16)
Accept any 3 authentic gas examples:
1. Oxygen (what we breathe)
2. Helium (party balloons)
3. Carbon Dioxide / Steam / Air
4. Non-Examples & 5. Sentence Mastery (Page 16)
Expands Freely
Guided Claim Solution:
"When a balloon pops, the gas particles quickly rush out and spread all around the room / classroom / air."
Proving Air Is Matter Model:
"You can prove invisible air is matter by pumping it into a flat basketball: the ball visibly expands (taking up volume) and weighs more on a scale (having mass)."
Common Misconception Watch: A very common misconception is that gas weighs nothing or has negative weight because balloons float. Remind students that air has real mass, and helium balloons only float due to buoyant force because helium is less dense than the surrounding air.
Matter Foundations Lab • Teacher Resource Complete Answer Key Page 8 of 8
