Soccer Collision Assessment Worksheet Unit 8.1: Contact Forces
Name: Date: Pd:
8.1 Lesson 6: Soccer Collision Assessment
A concussion is a brain injury caused by an impact force of 400–1,000 N causing the brain to move rapidly in the skull. Examine the three common soccer collisions below:
Key Definition: Peak Force
Peak Force: The maximum (greatest) amount of force reached during an impact. In every collision, forces always act in equal and opposite pairs and reach their maximum peak at the exact same moment.
System A Heading Soccer Ball
System B Two Running Players
System C Head Hitting Ground
1a. During any soccer collision, how does the peak force on the head compare to the peak force on the object it collides with? (Circle one)
A. The peak force on the head is exactly equal to the peak force on the colliding object. B. The peak force on the head is greater only when hitting a heavier object like the ground. C. The peak forces are always unequal because one object moves faster than the other.
Word Bank:
force pair equal strength opposite direction peak force
1b. Sentence Starter: In every collision, the contact forces form a , meaning both objects experience peak forces that are in strength and in direction.
2a. If player #84 is running at 7 mph, which system has the least amount of total kinetic energy before impact?
A. System A (Header) B. System B (Player-Player) C. System C (Head-Ground)
Word Bank:
mass speed stationary (speed = 0) kinetic energy
2b. Sentence Starter: Total kinetic energy depends on both and . The system with the least kinetic energy is System because .
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8.1 Lesson 6: Soccer Collision Assessment
Name:
Brain Axons & Breaking Point: Brain neurons transmit signals through fibers called axons . Axons have a physical breaking point : when the peak force of a collision exceeds this threshold, axons tear and cause permanent damage (concussion).
Axon
3a. Which collision system is most likely to reach a peak force that exceeds the breaking point of brain axons?
A. System A (Header) B. System B (Player Collision) C. System C (Head vs Ground)
3b. Argument: Complete the claim, evidence, and reasoning:
Word Bank:
greatest kinetic energy high peak force exceeds breaking point permanent damage
Claim: The collision most likely to damage brain axons is System .
Evidence: This system has the of all three collisions before impact.
Reasoning: Greater kinetic energy causes a much higher , which of the brain axons.
4a. In a collision, which factor has a bigger effect on an object's kinetic energy and collision damage?
A. Speed has a bigger effect because kinetic energy increases with the square of speed (\(v^2\)). B. Mass has a bigger effect because heavier objects are harder to stop. C. Both have the exact same effect on kinetic energy.
4b. Which test plan represents a fair controlled investigation to test whether mass or speed causes more damage?
A. Roll a cart into clay: compare doubling mass (at constant speed) vs. doubling speed (at constant mass), measuring clay dent depth. B. Double both mass and speed at the exact same time and observe if the clay dents.
4c. Complete the prediction:
Sentence Starter: Doubling the speed will cause (more / less) deformation than doubling mass because speed has a (squared / equal) effect on kinetic energy.
Student Self-Check:
Forces act in equal & opposite pairs Connected kinetic energy to peak force Explained axon breaking point threshold Identified speed squared (\(v^2\)) impact
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Soccer Collision Answer Key Unit 8.1: Contact Forces Teacher Answer Key & Guide
8.1 Lesson 6: Soccer Collision Assessment — KEY
Teacher Scoring Notes: Award points for scientific accuracy regarding Newton's third law (force pairs) and kinetic energy dependencies (\(KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2\)).
Key Definition & Core Standard
Peak Force: Maximum impact force. Core Misconception: Students often think the lighter object (soccer ball) receives more force, or that the stationary ground exerts no force. Reinforce that forces are always equal in strength and opposite in direction .
System A (Header) Player (running) + Ball (moving)
System B (2 Players) Two high-mass moving players
System C (Head-Ground) Player (running) + Ground (\(v=0\))
1a. Correct Answer:
[1 Point]
[CORRECT] A. The peak force on the head is exactly equal to the peak force on the colliding object.
Explanation: Forces are interaction pairs. According to Newton's third law, the head cannot push on the ball without the ball pushing back with the exact same peak force.
1b. Sample Completed Sentence: [1 Point]
In every collision, the contact forces form a force pair , meaning both objects experience peak forces that are equal in strength and opposite in direction.
2a. Correct Answer:
[1 Point]
[CORRECT] A. System A (Header): The soccer ball has a very small mass compared to a human body, resulting in the least total kinetic energy in the system.
Teacher Note: Some students may argue System C because the ground has zero speed. Accept System C if students clearly justify that the ground has zero velocity (\(KE_{ground} = 0\)). However, System A typically has less total system mass in motion than two full adult body weights colliding.
2b. Sample Completed Sentence: [1 Point]
Total kinetic energy depends on both mass and speed . The system with the least kinetic energy is System A because the soccer ball has very little mass compared to a human player .
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8.1 Lesson 6: Soccer Collision Assessment — KEY Page 2 Scoring
3a. Correct Answer:
[1 Point]
[CORRECT] B. System B (Two Players Colliding): Both large masses running toward each other generate the highest total kinetic energy and maximum peak force upon impact.
3b. Completed Argument Rubric (Claim, Evidence, Reasoning):
[3 Points]
Claim: The collision most likely to damage brain axons is System B (Player-Player) .
Evidence: This system has the greatest total kinetic energy of all three collisions before impact.
Reasoning: Greater kinetic energy causes a much higher peak force , which exceeds the breaking point of the brain axons, resulting in tearing and concussion.
Rubric Note: Give full credit if student states System C with valid reasoning that the ground does not deform/yield, creating an abrupt deceleration and high peak force.
4a. Correct Answer:
[1 Point]
[CORRECT] A. Speed has a bigger effect because kinetic energy depends on speed squared (\(KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2\)).
4b. Correct Answer:
[1 Point]
[CORRECT] A. Fair Controlled Test: Roll a cart into clay: compare doubling mass (at constant speed) vs. doubling speed (at constant mass), measuring clay dent depth.
4c. Completed Prediction Sentence:
[1 Point]
Doubling the speed will cause more deformation than doubling mass because speed has a squared effect on kinetic energy (\(2^2 = 4\times\) energy).
Scoring Breakdown (Total: 10 Points):
Q1a & 1b: 2 pts (Force pair equality)
Q2a & 2b: 2 pts (KE comparison & variables)
Q3a & 3b: 3 pts (Peak force & breaking point CER)
Q4a, 4b, 4c: 3 pts (Mass vs speed \(v^2\) & fair test)
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Soccer Collision Bilingual Assessment Worksheet Unit 8.1 / Unidad 8.1: Forces / Fuerzas
Name / Nombre: Date / Fecha:
Soccer Collisions / Choques en el Fútbol
Look at the pictures. Circle the correct answer. / Mira los dibujos. Encierra en un círculo la respuesta correcta.
Peak Force / Fuerza Máxima
Forces in a crash are always EQUAL and in OPPOSITE directions.
Las fuerzas en un choque siempre son IGUALES y en dirección OPUESTA .
500 N →
=
500 N ←
1
When the head hits the ball, how are the forces?
Cuando la cabeza golpea el balón, ¿cómo son las fuerzas?
Option / Opción A
Head / Cabeza → 500 N
=
Ball / Balón 500 N ←
EQUAL / IGUAL Same force / Misma fuerza
Option / Opción B
Head / Cabeza → 1000 N
≠
Ball / Balón 100 N ←
NOT EQUAL / DIFERENTE One is bigger / Una es mayor
Circle your choice / Encierra tu opción:
Option A (=) Option B (≠)
2
Which collision has LESS total energy? (Circle one)
¿Cuál choque tiene MENOS energía total? (Encierra uno)
Option / Opción A
Player & Soccer Ball Jugador y Pelota Liviana Light / Liviana = Less Energy
Option / Opción B
Two Big Players Dos Jugadores Grandes Heavy / Pesado = More Energy
Least energy / Menos energía:
Option A (Ball) Option B (2 Players)
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Unit 8.1 / Unidad 8.1: Forces / Fuerzas Name / Nombre:
TEAR / ROTO
Brain Concussion / Conmoción Cerebral:
Too much peak force tears the brain axon (breaking point). / Mucha fuerza rompe el axón del cerebro.
3
Which collision causes MORE brain damage? (Circle one)
¿Cuál choque causa MÁS daño cerebral? (Encierra uno)
Option / Opción A
Hard Crash / Choque Fuerte 2 Fast Players (High Force) Danger: Tears Axons / Rompe
Option / Opción B
Light Header / Cabezazo Suave Light Ball (Small Force) Low Risk / Menor Riesgo
More damage / Más daño:
Option A (Crash) Option B (Header)
4
What increases collision energy MORE? (Circle one)
¿Qué aumenta MÁS la energía del choque? (Encierra uno)
Option / Opción A
→→→ FAST! / ¡RÁPIDO!
Doubling Speed / Doble Rapidez Energy × 4 (Squared / Al cuadrado) BIGGER EFFECT / MAYOR EFECTO
Option / Opción B
HEAVY / PESADO →
Doubling Mass / Doble Masa Energy × 2 (Equal / Igual) Smaller Effect / Menor Efecto
Bigger effect / Mayor efecto:
Option A (Speed / Rapidez) Option B (Mass / Masa)
5
How do we measure damage in the clay experiment?
¿Cómo medimos el daño en la plastilina?
A. Measure dent depth / Medir el hoyo (cm)
B. Listen to sound / Escuchar el sonido
Correct test / Prueba correcta:
Option A (Ruler / Regla) Option B (Sound)
Unit 8.1 • Visual Bilingual Assessment Page 2 of 2 / Página 2 de 2
Soccer Collision Bilingual Answer Key Unit 8.1 / Unidad 8.1: Forces / Fuerzas Bilingual Teacher Answer Key
WIDA 1 Bilingual Assessment — TEACHER KEY
Scoring guide and oral check prompts for WIDA Level 1 entering students and non-readers. Accepts circling, pointing, or verbal confirmation.
Core Concept: Peak Force Equality / Igualdad de Fuerzas
During every collision, the peak force on both objects is EQUAL (=) . Oral prompt: "Show me equal forces / Muéstrame las fuerzas iguales."
1 Question 1 Key: Forces During Header
[1 Point]
✓ [CORRECT] Option A EQUAL / IGUAL (=)
Head and ball experience the exact same peak force (500 N = 500 N).
Option B (≠) Not Equal / Diferente
Common misconception that the lighter ball receives more force.
Oral Check / Pregunta Oral: "Are the forces equal or different? / ¿Las fuerzas son iguales o diferentes?" → Student indicates Equal / Igual (=) .
2 Question 2 Key: Least Kinetic Energy
[1 Point]
✓ [CORRECT] Option A Player & Soccer Ball
Small ball mass = least total kinetic energy in the system.
Option B Two Big Players
Two running adult bodies have much greater combined mass and energy.
Oral Check / Pregunta Oral: "Which has less energy: the light ball or two heavy players? / ¿Cuál tiene menos energía: el balón liviano o dos jugadores pesados?" → Student indicates Option A (Ball / Pelota) .
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Unit 8.1 / Unidad 8.1: Forces / Fuerzas Teacher Key — Page 2
3 Question 3 Key: More Brain Damage (Concussion)
[1 Point]
✓ [CORRECT] Option A Hard Crash / Choque Fuerte
Two players generate massive peak force that exceeds the axon breaking point.
Option B Light Header / Cabezazo
Lighter ball rarely exceeds breaking point unless kicked at extreme speed.
Oral Check: "Which crash is dangerous for the brain? / ¿Cuál choque es peligroso para el cerebro?" → Student selects Option A (Crash / Choque) .
4 Question 4 Key: Speed vs Mass (\(KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2\))
[1 Point]
✓ [CORRECT] Option A Doubling Speed / Doble Rapidez
Speed is squared (\(v^2\)), quadrupling the collision energy (\(4\times\)).
Option B Doubling Mass / Doble Masa
Mass is linear; doubling mass only doubles energy (\(2\times\)).
Oral Check: "Fast or heavy: which causes more damage? / ¿Rápido o pesado: cuál causa más daño?" → Student selects Option A (Fast / Rápido) .
5 Question 5 Key: Clay Damage Test
[1 Point]
✓ [CORRECT] Option A Measure Dent Depth / Medir Hoyo
Using a ruler provides quantitative scientific evidence of deformation.
Option B Listen to Sound / Sonido
Sound is qualitative and subjective, not direct physical damage.
WIDA Level 1 Accommodation Rubric (Total: 5 Points):
• Student Response Formats: Pointing to picture, circling letter, or verbal Spanish/English confirmation are all valid.
• Q1: Option A (= Equal forces)
• Q2: Option A (Ball has less energy)
• Q3: Option A (Crash causes axon damage)
• Q4: Option A (Speed has squared effect)
• Q5: Option A (Ruler measures dent depth)
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