CHEM 1406

Unit 4: Review Exam

Name:

Date:

Instructions: Select the best alternative that completes the statement or answers the question.

1) In biological systems, the oxidation of glucose primarily serves what function?

A) Storage of vitamins

B) Release of chemical energy

C) Synthesis of cell walls

D) Reduction of water

E) Mutarotation of starch

2) Which organic product is formed when propanoic acid reacts with methylamine?

A) N-methylpropanamide

B) Methyl propanoate

C) Propanoyl chloride

D) Dimethylamine

E) Ethyl methyl ether

3) At physiological pH (7.4), which part of an amino acid is typically negatively charged?

A) The alpha-hydrogen

B) The ammonium group

C) The carboxylate group

D) The thiol group

E) The methyl group

4) What is the process called when an ester reacts with water in the presence of an acid catalyst?

A) Neutralization

B) Esterification

C) Saponification

D) Hydrolysis

E) Reduction

5) What is the common name for the ester formed from acetic acid and ethanol?

A) Ethyl acetate

B) Methyl ethanoate

C) Butyl formate

D) Propyl acetate

E) Diethyl ester

6) A monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms and a ketone functional group is classified as a(n):

A) Aldohexose

B) Ketohexose

C) Ketopentose

D) Aldotetrose

E) Ketotetrose

7) In a Fischer projection of an L-enantiomer, the hydroxyl group (-OH) furthest from the carbonyl is on which side?

A) Right side

B) Left side

C) Top side

D) Bottom side

E) Center

8) Which of the following carbons is considered chiral?

A) Carbon with 2 H and 2 Cl

B) Carbon with 3 H and 1 OH

C) Carbon with 4 different groups

D) Carbon with a double bond

E) Carbon with 4 methyl groups

9) What is the IUPAC name for a 4-carbon carboxylic acid with a chlorine atom on the 2nd carbon?

A) 2-chlorobutanoic acid

B) 3-chlorobutanoic acid

C) chlorobutyric acid

D) 2-chloropropanoic acid

E) 2-chloro-4-butanol

10) Which of the following is an example of an aromatic carboxylic acid?

A) Citric acid

B) Acetic acid

C) Benzoic acid

D) Oxalic acid

E) Formic acid

11) Acidic amino acids, such as aspartate, have side chains that contain which group?

A) Ammonium group

B) Thiol group

C) Carboxylate group

D) Alcohol group

E) Phenyl group

12) The base hydrolysis (saponification) of an amide produces:

A) An acid and an amine

B) A salt and an amine

C) An ester and an alcohol

D) Two amino acids

E) An aldehyde and water

13) Which compound would you expect to be the MOST soluble in water?

A) Hexane

B) Ethanoic acid

C) Pentyl acetate

D) Octanol

E) Diethyl ether

14) What type of tertiary interaction occurs between two cysteine R groups?

A) Salt bridge

B) Hydrogen bond

C) Hydrophobic interaction

D) Disulfide bond

E) Peptide bond

15) In the cyclic form of glucose, the alpha and beta isomers are specifically called:

A) Enantiomers

B) Anomers

C) Epimers

D) Achiral

E) Polymers

16) What is the one-letter abbreviation for Phenylalanine?

A) P

B) L

C) F

D) Y

E) N

17) Stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other are:

A) Structural isomers

B) Enantiomers

C) Geometric isomers

D) Cis-trans isomers

E) Superimposable

18) The alpha-helix secondary structure of a protein is stabilized by:

A) Covalent peptide bonds

B) Ionic salt bridges

C) Hydrogen bonds

D) Disulfide bridges

E) Hydrophobic forces

19) A biological catalyst made of amino acids is called a(n):

A) Lipid

B) Enzyme

C) Vitamin

D) Hormone

E) Nucleotide

20) Acid hydrolysis of butyl ethanoate yields:

A) Ethanol and butanoic acid

B) Ethanoic acid and butanol

C) Butyl alcohol and water

D) Ethane and butane

E) Sodium ethanoate

21) Which amino acid contains a sulfur atom in its side chain?

A) Glycine

B) Cysteine

C) Serine

D) Proline

E) Valine

22) An amine where the nitrogen is bonded to one alkyl group and two hydrogens is a:

A) Primary amine

B) Secondary amine

C) Tertiary amine

D) Quaternary amine

E) Amide

23) What is the name of the amine (CH₃)₂NH?

A) Methylamine

B) Dimethylamine

C) Trimethylamine

D) Ethylamine

E) Ethylmethylamine

24) An aldopentose contains how many carbon atoms?

A) 3

B) 4

C) 5

D) 6

E) 7

25) Basic amino acids have side chains with a net ________ charge at pH 7.

A) Negative

B) Neutral

C) Positive

D) Zero

E) Changing

26) Which protein type provides support for tissues such as tendons and ligaments?

A) Transport proteins

B) Structural proteins

C) Contractile proteins

D) Storage proteins

E) Regulatory proteins

27) All amino acids share the same basic structure except for their:

A) Alpha-carbon

B) Amino group

C) Carboxyl group

D) R-group

E) Hydrogen atom

28) Lactose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and:

A) Fructose

B) Galactose

C) Sucrose

D) Maltose

E) Ribose

29) Hyperglycemia refers to blood glucose levels that are:

A) Abnormally low

B) In the normal range

C) Abnormally high

D) Fluctuating wildly

E) Non-existent

30) In the peptide sequence Gly-Ala-Ser-Val, which amino acid is the C-terminus?

A) Glycine

B) Alanine

C) Serine

D) Valine

E) None

31) A carbohydrate that cannot be hydrolyzed into smaller units is a:

A) Monosaccharide

B) Disaccharide

C) Polysaccharide

D) Oligosaccharide

E) Glycoprotein

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