Story Craft Vocabulary Guide
Literature & Language Arts Master Vocabulary Series
Story Craft Vocabulary Guide
Part 1: Narrative Architecture & Core Story Mechanics
Name:
Date: Period:
Core Concept: Narrative elements are the structural building blocks authors use to construct believable worlds, drive tension, and guide the reader's journey.
Terms 1–6
01
Protagonist
noun
proh-TAG-uh-nist
Definition: The primary lead character in a story who drives the plot forward and faces the main conflict.
Example in Literature
Katniss Everdeen in The Hunger Games; Jonas in The Giver.
Key Cue: Usually changes the most (dynamic)
02
Antagonist
noun
an-TAG-uh-nist
Definition: The principal character, force, or institution that actively opposes and blocks the protagonist.
Example in Literature
Lord Voldemort opposing Harry Potter; the harsh Arctic winter in Jack London's stories.
Key Cue: Can be a person, nature, or society
03
Conflict
noun
KAHN-flikt
Definition: The central struggle between opposing forces that creates tension and fuels narrative momentum.
Core Classifications
Internal: Character vs. Self
External: vs. Character, Society, Nature, Fate
Key Cue: Without conflict, there is no plot
04
Plot
noun
plaht
Definition: The structured sequence of interrelated events and actions that make up a complete narrative.
Freytag's Pyramid Arc
Exposition → Inciting Incident → Rising Action → Climax → Falling Action → Resolution
Key Cue: Answers: "What happened, and why?"
05
Setting
noun
SET-ing
Definition: The specific time, geographic location, cultural environment, and social conditions in which a story unfolds.
Example in Literature
Maycomb, Alabama during the Great Depression in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird.
Key Cue: Sets tone, mood, and characters' limits
06
Point of View
noun
poynt uhv vyoo (POV)
Definition: The lens or perspective through which an author narrates events and shares information with the reader.
Key Perspectives
1st Person: "I / We" (narrator in story)
3rd Limited: "He / She / They" (one mind)
3rd Omniscient: All-knowing narrator
Key Cue: Determines what the reader can know
Turn to Page 2 for Thematic Meaning & Figurative Language devices.
Page 1 of 2
Literature & Language Arts Master Vocabulary Series
Story Craft Vocabulary Guide
Part 2: Thematic Meaning & Figurative Language Devices
Analytical Reference Sheet
Core Concept: Figurative language and theme transform literal plots into rich emotional experiences and universal insights about human nature.
Terms 7–10
07
Theme
noun
theem
Definition: The underlying universal message, life lesson, or central insight about human nature conveyed by a text.
Crucial Distinction
Topic (1 word): Courage.
Theme (complete idea): True courage means standing up for others even when facing severe consequences.
Key Rule: Never a single word; must be a full statement
08
Imagery
noun
IM-ij-ree
Definition: Descriptive language that appeals vividly to one or more of the reader's five sensory channels.
Example in Literature
"The eerie silence cracked as dry pine needles crunched under heavy boots and the sharp scent of damp cedar filled the air."
5 Senses: Sight, sound, smell, taste, touch
09
Metaphor
noun
MET-uh-for
Definition: A figure of speech making a direct comparison between two unlike things by stating that one thing is another.
Example in Literature
"All the world's a stage, and all the men and women merely players." — Shakespeare
Key Cue: Direct equation; does NOT use "like" or "as"
10
Simile
noun
SIM-uh-lee
Definition: A figure of speech explicitly comparing two distinct things using connecting words such as "like" or "as".
Example in Literature
"The toddler's laughter bubbled up like fresh soda, filling the quiet house."
Signal Words: Explicitly looks for "like" or "as"
Metaphor vs. Simile Showdown
Metaphor (Direct Fusion)
"Her heart was a locked vault."
Implies total, unbreakable emotional defense.
Simile (Explicit Comparison)
"Her heart was guarded like a vault."
Draws attention to the specific act of guarding.
The 5 Sensory Channels of Imagery
Visual (Sight): "Gleaming crimson velvet"
Auditory (Sound): "Muffled thuds and whispering winds"
Olfactory (Smell): "Burnt toast and pungent sulfur"
Gustatory (Taste): "Tart, mouth-puckering lemon curd"
Tactile (Touch): "Rough sandpaper against bare fingertips"
Quick Analysis Strategy: When reading any excerpt, first identify who (protagonist/antagonist), where/when (setting), what's blocking them (conflict), and how language creates meaning (imagery/metaphor/simile).
Story Craft Reference Guide • Complete Set of 10 Literary Elements
Page 2 of 2
Story Craft Matching Quiz
Assessment & Practice Literary Devices Check
Story Craft Matching Quiz
Name:
Date:
Score: / 15
Directions: Write the letter of the correct definition on the blank next to each term. Letters are used once. Part A: 10 Pts
Vocabulary Terms
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Protagonist
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Antagonist
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Conflict
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Plot
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Setting
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Point of View
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Theme
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Imagery
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Metaphor
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Simile
Definitions Bank
A. Direct comparison stating one thing is another; does not use "like" or "as."
B. The central struggle between opposing forces that drives tension and momentum.
C. Descriptive sensory language appealing directly to sight, sound, smell, taste, or touch.
D. The perspective or narrator's lens through which a story is told (1st, 3rd person).
E. The primary lead character driving the action forward who faces the main conflict.
F. An explicit comparison between two distinct things using "like" or "as."
G. The universal message, life truth, or central moral insight expressed in a text.
H. The structured series of interrelated events and dramatic actions forming the narrative.
I. The character, force, or obstacle actively opposing and resisting the protagonist.
J. The specific time, geographical place, environment, and social era of the story.
Part B: Literary Excerpt Application
5 Points (1 pt each)
Read each passage below. Identify which literary term from the guide is best illustrated, and write it on the line.
- "The empty classroom was a scorching oven after the air conditioning failed."
Term:
- "The morning breeze smelled of crushed pine needles, damp loam, and woodsmoke."
Term:
- "The frightened detective heard his heart pounding like a tribal drum in the dark."
Term:
- "A stranded mountaineer struggles desperately against freezing blizzard winds to survive."
Term:
- "The novel demonstrates that true courage requires standing up for others against injustice."
Term: