Grammar Eras Slides
Texas English II EOC Prep
15-Day Warmup Series
GRAMMAR ERAS
Daily Editing & Revision drills mapped to the Texas World History curriculum. Master STAAR grammar mechanics through the ages.
Designed for Daily Warmups & Bell Ringers
2 Questions Per Day • Complete Answer Keys & Explanations
STAAR Aligned
Warmup Protocol & Standards Map
Student Instructions
- Keep your Grammar Eras Tracker Sheet open.
- For each day, analyze the world history passage provided.
- Identify the error (Editing) or improvement (Revision).
- Write your initial choice, then document the Skill Tested and the EOC Pro-Tip on your tracker sheet.
High-Yield EOC Skills Covered
EDITING:
• Subject-Verb Agreement
• Semicolons & Run-ons
• Capitalization Rules
• Pronoun-Antecedent
REVISION:
• Transition Effectiveness
• Sentence Combining
• Word Choice Precision
• Thesis & Argument Support
Ready? Let's travel back to the Ancient River Valleys... Slide 2 of 62
DAY 1
Ancient River Valley Civilizations
Question 1: Editing
(1) Civilizations in the Fertile Crescent developed some of the earliest complex irrigation systems. (2) However, maintaining these vast networks of canals and dikes require constant cooperation among communities.
What change, if any, should be made in sentence 2?
A Change cooperation to co-operation
B Change require to requires
C Delete the comma after However
D Make no change
Examine the subject of sentence 2 carefully. Slide 3 of 62
DAY 1 KEY
Question 1 Answer & Explanation
Question 1: Editing
Correct Answer Option B
Skill: Subject-Verb Agreement
The subject of sentence 2 is maintaining (a singular gerund), not "canals and dikes." Therefore, the verb must be singular (requires).
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
Cross out prepositional phrases (like "of canals and dikes") that sit between the subject and the verb. This isolates the true subject immediately.
Student sheet skill: Subject-Verb Agreement
Record Option B, the skill, and the hint on your tracker sheet. Slide 4 of 62
DAY 1
Ancient River Valley Civilizations
Question 2: Revision
(1) Ancient Egyptian scribes held an elite status because they could record taxes, laws, and religious rituals. (2) They spent years memorizing hundreds of hieroglyphic signs. (3) [ ______ ], they were highly respected and exempt from physical labor.
Which transition word or phrase should be added to the beginning of sentence 3?
A In contrast
B As a result
C For example
D On the other hand
Analyze the relationship between the scribes' training and their status. Slide 5 of 62
DAY 1 KEY
Question 2 Answer & Explanation
Question 2: Revision
Correct Answer Option B
Skill: Transitions
The relationship between the scribes' rigorous training (sentence 2) and their high social status (sentence 3) is cause-and-effect. As a result is the only transition that logically fits.
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
Identify the relationship between sentences (Addition, Contrast, Cause/Effect, or Example) before choosing your transition word.
Student sheet skill: Transitions
Update your Tracker Sheet with the correct answers and key takeaways. Slide 6 of 62
DAY 2
Classical Civilizations (Greece & Rome)
Question 3: Editing
(1) Classical Athenian democracy allowed all adult male citizens to vote on laws. (2) This system was a direct democracy, it was very different from the representative republics of today.
What is the correct way to write sentence 2?
A This system was a direct democracy; it was very different from representative republics.
B This system was a direct democracy, but, very different.
C This system was a direct democracy it was very different.
D Sentence 2 should not be changed.
Are there two independent clauses joined only by a comma? Slide 7 of 62
DAY 2 KEY
Question 3 Answer & Explanation
Question 3: Editing
Correct Answer Option A
Skill: Semicolons & Run-ons
Sentence 2 is a comma splice, where two independent clauses are joined with only a comma. A semicolon (;) is the correct way to join them without adding coordinating conjunctions.
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
A comma cannot glue two complete sentences together. Use a semicolon, or a comma + coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS), to fix a comma splice.
Student sheet skill: Semicolons & Run-ons
Ensure your Tracker Sheet matches this perfect explanation. Slide 8 of 62
DAY 2
Classical Civilizations (Greece & Rome)
Question 4: Revision
(1) The Roman Empire established the Pax Romana. (2) It was a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. (3) This era allowed trade networks to expand safely across three continents.
What is the most effective way to combine sentences 1 and 2?
A The Roman Empire established the Pax Romana, which was a 200-year period of relative peace and stability.
B The Roman Empire established the Pax Romana, or it was a 200-year period of relative peace and stability.
C The Roman Empire established the Pax Romana; being a 200-year period of relative peace and stability.
D The Roman Empire established the Pax Romana because of a 200-year period of relative peace and stability.
Find the option that connects them smoothly without adding run-on structures. Slide 9 of 62
DAY 2 KEY
Question 4 Answer & Explanation
Question 4: Revision
Correct Answer Option A
Skill: Sentence Combining
Option A uses a relative clause (which was...) to smoothly embed the definition of Pax Romana into the first sentence, eliminating repetitive pronouns.
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
Look for the most concise, active, and grammatically correct option that eliminates wordiness or repeating "It was..." or "This was..."
Student sheet skill: Sentence Combining
Ensure you have updated your tracker sheet before looking at Day 3. Slide 10 of 62
DAY 3
Post-Classical Asia (Tang/Song & Silk Road)
Question 5: Editing
(1) During the Tang dynasty, Chinese merchants traded valuable goods with foreigners. (2) Silk, porcelain, and tea were carried along the silk road to markets in Central Asia and Europe.
What change should be made in sentence 2?
A Change porcelain to Porcelain
B Change silk road to Silk Road
C Change Central Asia to central Asia
D Change the comma after tea to a semicolon
Look closely for specific historical place and route names. Slide 11 of 62
DAY 3 KEY
Question 5 Answer & Explanation
Question 5: Editing
Correct Answer Option B
Skill: Capitalization Rules
The Silk Road is a specific historical trade route and is considered a proper noun. Both words must be capitalized (Silk Road).
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
Names of specific places, historical routes, treaties, and historical periods (e.g., Middle Ages, Renaissance) are proper nouns and always require capitalization.
Student sheet skill: Capitalization Rules
Verify your reasoning on the Tracker Sheet before proceeding. Slide 12 of 62
DAY 3
Post-Classical Asia (Tang/Song & Silk Road)
Question 6: Revision
(1) Chinese inventors during the Song dynasty developed the magnetic compass, which revolutionized maritime navigation. (2) They also pioneered movable type printing, making literature more accessible. (3) Additionally, they perfected gunpowder formulaic recipes for defensive military weaponry.
Which sentence could best be placed before sentence 1 to serve as a topic sentence?
A Song dynasty technology was primarily focused on agricultural tools for peasant farmers.
B The Song dynasty was a golden age of scientific and technological innovation in East Asia.
C Scribes in ancient China spent decades copying books by hand before printing was invented.
D Navigators across the Indian Ocean relied heavily on landmarks to guide their trade ships.
Find an umbrella statement that logically introduces all three inventions. Slide 13 of 62
DAY 3 KEY
Question 6 Answer & Explanation
Question 6: Revision
Correct Answer Option B
Skill: Topic Sentences
The paragraph details the compass, printing, and gunpowder. Option B is the only topic sentence broad enough to unify all three distinct technological innovations under a single theme ("golden age of innovation").
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
A good topic sentence serves as an umbrella. It must cover all the specific supporting details in the paragraph without being too narrow or too broad.
Student sheet skill: Topic Sentences
Take note of how Option B connects all of the sentences in Day 3. Slide 14 of 62
DAY 4
Islamic Golden Age & African Empires
Question 7: Editing
(1) In 1324, Mansa Musa of Mali began his famous pilgrimage to Mecca. (2) Each of the thousands of soldiers and servants who accompanied him carried gold to distribute along their journey.
What change, if any, should be made in sentence 2?
A Change who to whom
B Change their to his
C Change carried to carries
D Make no change
Identify the true grammatical subject of sentence 2. Slide 15 of 62
DAY 4 KEY
Question 7 Answer & Explanation
Question 7: Editing
Correct Answer Option B
Skill: Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
The grammatical subject is Each, which is a singular indefinite pronoun. Therefore, it requires the singular possessive pronoun his instead of the plural "their" to match.
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
Indefinite pronouns ending in -one, -body, -thing, or words like "each," "either," and "neither" are strictly singular. Keep their matching pronouns singular!
Student sheet skill: Pronoun-Antecedent
Verify your answer before turning to Question 8. Slide 16 of 62
DAY 4
Islamic Golden Age & African Empires
Question 8: Revision
(1) Baghdad's House of Wisdom was a major intellectual hub during the Islamic Golden Age. (2) Scholars translated Greek philosophy into Arabic. (3) Having gathered manuscripts from across the known world, scientific progress accelerated.
Sentence 3 is poorly structured. What is the most effective way to revise sentence 3?
A Gained after gathering manuscripts from across the world, scholars accelerated progress.
B Because scholars gathered manuscripts from across the known world, they accelerated scientific progress.
C To gather manuscripts from across the known world, scientific progress was accelerated by scholars.
D Gathering manuscripts from across the known world, progress was able to be accelerated.
Who is actually doing the action in the introductory phrase? Slide 17 of 62
DAY 4 KEY
Question 8 Answer & Explanation
Question 8: Revision
Correct Answer Option B
Skill: Sentence Structure / Clarity
Sentence 3 has a dangling participial modifier. The phrase "Having gathered manuscripts..." must describe scholars, not "scientific progress." Option B fixes this by rewriting it with a clear, active subject.
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
An introductory action phrase must immediately precede the actual person or group who performed that action, or it becomes a dangling modifier.
Student sheet skill: Sentence Structure
Updating modifiers will instantly boost your STAAR revision score. Slide 18 of 62
DAY 5
Medieval Europe & Byzantine Empire
Question 9: Editing
(1) Feudalism in medieval Europe was a rigid social hierarchy based on land ownership. (2) Monarchs granted large estates to noble lords, and those lords in turn provided land to knights.
What change, if any, should be made in sentence 2?
A Delete the comma after lords
B Change estates to estates,
C Change lords, and to lords; and
D Make no change
Are coordinate clauses separated correctly here? Slide 19 of 62
DAY 5 KEY
Question 9 Answer & Explanation
Question 9: Editing
Correct Answer Option D
Skill: Comma Usage / Compound Structures
Sentence 2 consists of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and. A comma is required before "and" in this compound structure, making the sentence already correct as written.
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
Do not automatically assume a sentence must be changed. On STAAR, "Make no change" is correct roughly 20-25% of the time!
Student sheet skill: Comma Usage
Take note of when 'No change' is correct, then move to Question 10. Slide 20 of 62
DAY 5
Medieval Europe & Byzantine Empire
Question 10: Revision
(1) Emperor Justinian I ordered a complete compilation of Roman laws, which became known as the Justinian Code. (2) This legal system organized centuries of confusing laws into a single, cohesive framework. (3) Justinian's wife, Empress Theodora, was a powerful and influential co-ruler. (4) The Code served as the foundation for modern European civil law.
Which sentence does not belong in this paragraph?
A Sentence 1
B Sentence 2
C Sentence 3
D Sentence 4
Identify which sentence strays from the main topic of the Justinian Code. Slide 21 of 62
DAY 5 KEY
Question 10 Answer & Explanation
Question 10: Revision
Correct Answer Option C
Skill: Deleting Irrelevant Sentences
The topic of the paragraph is the development and legacy of the Justinian Code. While historical facts about Empress Theodora are interesting, they are off-topic in a paragraph focused strictly on legal codification.
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
For "delete sentence" questions, ask yourself: "Does this sentence support the main topic, or does it go on a tangent about a related person/event?"
Student sheet skill: Deleting Irrelevant Sentences
Paragraph coherence means keeping a razor-sharp focus on the main topic. Slide 22 of 62
DAY 6
Mesoamerican & Andean Civilizations
Question 11: Editing
(1) Mayan priests constructed towering pyramids that doubled as astronomical observatories. (2) They carefully track the movements of Venus and developed highly accurate solar calendars.
What change, if any, should be made in sentence 2?
A Change developed to develops
B Change track to tracked
C Change highly to high
D Make no change
Verify verb tense consistency with the surrounding text. Slide 23 of 62
DAY 6 KEY
Question 11 Answer & Explanation
Question 11: Editing
Correct Answer Option B
Skill: Verb Tense Consistency
Since sentence 1 establishes a past-tense narrative (constructed), sentence 2 must maintain the past-tense to remain consistent. Changing "track" to the past tense tracked is necessary.
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
Check surrounding verbs to make sure there is no unnecessary shifting back and forth between past, present, and future tenses in historical descriptions.
Student sheet skill: Verb Tense Consistency
Write down the skill and proceed to Question 12. Slide 24 of 62
DAY 6
Mesoamerican & Andean Civilizations
Question 12: Revision
(1) Incan engineers built extensive agricultural terraces carved directly into steep Andean mountainsides. (2) These stone terraces prevented soil erosion and captured scarce rainwater. (3) They allowed the empire to feed millions of people in a harsh climate.
Sentence 3 contains an ambiguous pronoun. How should the writer revise sentence 3?
A Change They to These terraces
B Change the empire to them
C Change people to residents
D Change harsh climate to it
Look for pronouns that have multiple potential plural nouns to refer to. Slide 25 of 62
DAY 6 KEY
Question 12 Answer & Explanation
Question 12: Revision
Correct Answer Option A
Skill: Pronoun Clarity
In sentence 3, the pronoun They could theoretically refer to either "engineers," "mountainsides," or "terraces." Replacing it with These terraces removes all ambiguity.
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
If a sentence starts with "They" or "This," make sure the reader can instantly point to the exact noun it replaces. If not, replace the pronoun with a concrete noun phrase.
Student sheet skill: Pronoun Clarity
Vague pronouns are a high-yield target for revision on the EOC. Slide 26 of 62
DAY 7
The European Renaissance
Question 13: Editing
(1) Leonardo da Vinci kept dozens of private journals filled with sketches and scientific observations. (2) The master's notebook's reveal his designs for flying machines, submarines, and complex war engines.
What change should be made in sentence 2?
A Change master's to masters'
B Change notebook's to notebooks
C Change designs to design's
D Change the comma after machines to a semicolon
Look closely at the difference between possessive and plural nouns. Slide 27 of 62
DAY 7 KEY
Question 13 Answer & Explanation
Question 13: Editing
Correct Answer Option B
Skill: Plural vs. Possessive Nouns
The word "notebooks" is a simple plural noun acting as the subject of the verb "reveal." It does not own anything, so it should not have an apostrophe (notebooks).
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
Never use an apostrophe to make a noun plural. Ask: "Does this noun own the word directly following it?" If the answer is no, delete the apostrophe!
Student sheet skill: Plural vs. Possessive Nouns
Verify your reasoning on the Tracker Sheet before proceeding. Slide 28 of 62
DAY 7
The European Renaissance
Question 14: Revision
(1) Johannes Gutenberg developed the movable-type printing press in Germany around 1440. (2) Before this invention, books had to be painstakingly copied by hand over many months. (3) [ ______ ], ideas and classical literature could now spread across Europe in days.
Which transition should be added to the beginning of sentence 3 to show the relationship?
A Likewise
B Consequently
C On the contrary
D Similarly
Analyze how the Gutenberg press led to the rapid spread of books. Slide 29 of 62
DAY 7 KEY
Question 14 Answer & Explanation
Question 14: Revision
Correct Answer Option B
Skill: Transitions
The passage establishes a direct cause-and-effect relationship between Gutenberg's invention (the cause) and the rapid spread of ideas (the effect). Consequently logically fits this relationship.
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
Ensure you understand the context of both sentences. "Consequently" is synonymous with "as a result" or "therefore."
Student sheet skill: Transitions
Verify your reasoning on the Tracker Sheet before proceeding. Slide 30 of 62
DAY 8
Reformation & Scientific Revolution
Question 15: Editing
(1) Martin Luther was a German monk who opposed the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences. (2) Nailed to the door of Wittenberg Castle church, Luther wrote ninety-five theses criticizing church practices.
What is the correct way to rewrite sentence 2?
A Luther wrote theses, which were nailed to the door of Wittenberg Castle church.
B Luther wrote ninety-five theses criticizing church practices nailed to the door.
C Nailed to the door of the church, church practices were criticized in his theses.
D Sentence 2 should not be changed.
Who or what was actually 'Nailed to the door' of the church? Slide 31 of 62
DAY 8 KEY
Question 15 Answer & Explanation
Question 15: Editing
Correct Answer Option A
Skill: Misplaced Modifiers
In the original sentence, "Nailed to the door..." is a misplaced modifier describing Luther himself instead of his "theses." Option A places the modifying phrase (which were nailed...) immediately adjacent to "theses," fixing the logical error.
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
A modifier must sit right next to the word it actually modifies. Martin Luther wasn't nailed to the church door; his ninety-five theses were!
Student sheet skill: Misplaced Modifiers
Verify your answer on the Tracker Sheet, then look at Question 16. Slide 32 of 62
DAY 8
Reformation & Scientific Revolution
Question 16: Revision
(1) Galileo Galilei constructed an improved telescope in 1609. (2) He observed craters on the Moon and the moons of Jupiter. (3) These findings supported the Copernican heliocentric theory.
What is the most effective way to combine sentences 1 and 2 using a subordinating conjunction?
A Galileo constructed an improved telescope in 1609; furthermore, he observed moons.
B After Galileo Galilei constructed an improved telescope in 1609, he observed craters on the Moon and the moons of Jupiter.
C Galileo constructed an improved telescope in 1609, and he observed craters on the Moon.
D Galileo constructed an telescope because he observed craters on the Moon.
Ensure you choose a subordinating conjunction, not a coordinating conjunction. Slide 33 of 62
DAY 8 KEY
Question 16 Answer & Explanation
Question 16: Revision
Correct Answer Option B
Skill: Sentence Combining (Subordination)
The question requests a complex sentence using a subordinating conjunction to combine sentences. After is a subordinating conjunction that perfectly illustrates the chronological relationship.
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
Subordinating conjunctions (like because, after, although, when, since) create a dependent clause. "Furthermore" and "and" are coordinating or transitions, not subordinating.
Student sheet skill: Sentence Combining
Recording your notes neatly will guarantee long-term retention. Slide 34 of 62
DAY 9
Age of Exploration & Columbian Exchange
Question 17: Editing
(1) The Columbian Exchange brought together the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. (2) While Europe gained nutrient-dense crops like potatoes, Americas native populations suffered devastating declines due to Afro-Eurasian diseases.
What change should be made in sentence 2?
A Change nutrient-dense to nutrient dense
B Change Americas to the Americas'
C Change due to to do to
D Change Afro-Eurasian to Afro Eurasian
Who did the native populations belong to in this context? Slide 35 of 62
DAY 9 KEY
Question 17 Answer & Explanation
Question 17: Editing
Correct Answer Option B
Skill: Plural Possessive Apostrophes
The populations belong to the Americas (plural regions). A plural possessive apostrophe is needed (the Americas') to show ownership of the "native populations" that follow.
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
For nouns that are already plural and end in "s," place the apostrophe *after* the "s" (Americas') to indicate ownership without doubling the "s."
Student sheet skill: Plural Possessive
Record Option B on your tracker sheet before checking Question 18. Slide 36 of 62
DAY 9
Age of Exploration & Columbian Exchange
Question 18: Revision
(1) Under the economic policy of mercantilism, European empires established colonies to get resources. (2) Colonies were required to export raw materials solely to their mother country.
The writer wants to use a more precise and academic word than "get." What word should replace it?
A steal
B acquire
C find
D grab
Choose the word that sounds most formal and analytical for an essay. Slide 37 of 62
DAY 9 KEY
Question 18 Answer & Explanation
Question 18: Revision
Correct Answer Option B
Skill: Word Choice / Academic Diction
"Get" is informal. The word acquire is the most appropriate academic synonym that conveys the formal economic practice of gaining control of foreign resources.
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
Avoid simple, conversational verbs like get, do, make, or bad on revision questions. Always select the word that sounds professional and precise in an essay context.
Student sheet skill: Word Choice
High-quality vocabulary transforms basic writing into advanced analysis. Slide 38 of 62
DAY 10
Age of Enlightenment & Atlantic Revolutions
Question 19: Editing
(1) The French Declaration of the Rights of Man established basic liberties for all citizens. (2) It declared that men are born free, that they remain equal in rights, and to guarantee freedom of speech.
What is the best way to revise sentence 2 to ensure parallel structure?
A It declared that men are born free, they remain equal in rights, and speech is free.
B It declared that men are born free, that they remain equal in rights, and that they possess freedom of speech.
C It declared that men are born free, remaining equal in rights, and guaranteeing freedom of speech.
D Sentence 2 is already written correctly.
Are all elements in the list following the exact same grammatical pattern? Slide 39 of 62
DAY 10 KEY
Question 19 Answer & Explanation
Question 19: Editing
Correct Answer Option B
Skill: Parallel Structure
The sentence begins a list of three parallel noun clauses introduced by the word "that" (that men are..., that they remain...). To maintain parallel structure, the third item must also use "that" (and that they possess...).
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
When list items are connected by "and" or "or," they must use the exact same grammatical pattern (e.g., all infinitives, all gerunds, or all clauses starting with the same word).
Student sheet skill: Parallel Structure
Complete Day 10 Tracker inputs before checking Question 20. Slide 40 of 62
DAY 10
Age of Enlightenment & Atlantic Revolutions
Question 20: Revision
(1) Simon Bolivar played a pivotal role in the Latin American wars of independence. (2) He envisioned a unified South America, leading successful military campaigns against Spanish forces in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador.
Which sentence could best be added after sentence 2 to support the thesis that Bolivar was highly influential in political history?
A Spain was dealing with internal political instability during the early nineteenth century.
B Today, multiple South American countries honor him as El Libertador (The Liberator) and name nations, cities, and currencies after him.
C South American geography, particularly the Andes, made coordination extremely difficult.
D Bolivar wrote the famous "Jamaica Letter" in 1815.
Which statement proves Bolivar's profound and lasting political impact? Slide 41 of 62
DAY 10 KEY
Question 20 Answer & Explanation
Question 20: Revision
Correct Answer Option B
Skill: Supporting Evidence
Option B directly supports the thesis of Bolivar's lasting, monumental historical influence by citing concrete modern honors (naming countries like Bolivia, and cities/currency after him). The others are irrelevant or counterproductive.
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
Select the supporting evidence that matches the thesis statement's key focus (such as "influence" or "impact"), rather than just adding broad background info.
Student sheet skill: Supporting Evidence
Two-thirds of the EOC prep is complete. Keep pushing forward! Slide 42 of 62
DAY 11
The Industrial Revolution
Question 21: Editing
(1) The Industrial Revolution was powered by three key developments. (2) These were the steam engine, which ran on coal, the spinning jenny, which revolutionized textiles, and the locomotive, which transformed transport.
What is the correct punctuation to use in the list in sentence 2?
A Change coal, the to coal; the and textiles, and to textiles; and
B Change the comma after developments to a semicolon
C Delete the comma after jenny
D Change transformed to transforming
When list items have their own commas, what separates the main items? Slide 43 of 62
DAY 11 KEY
Question 21 Answer & Explanation
Question 21: Editing
Correct Answer Option A
Skill: Semicolons in a Series
When items in a list already contain internal commas (like the explanatory clauses in sentence 2), you must use semicolons to separate the major elements. This prevents confusion.
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
Think of semicolons as "super-commas." If list items have their own commas inside them, swap the separating commas for semicolons to keep the list clean.
Student sheet skill: Semicolons in Series
Coherent sequence planning prevents chaotic paragraphs in your writing. Slide 44 of 62
DAY 11
The Industrial Revolution
Question 22: Revision
(1) Rapid urbanization in nineteenth-century Britain led to extremely crowded city tenements. (2) Furthermore, these conditions triggered frequent outbreaks of cholera and typhus. (3) These tenements lacked clean water, proper ventilation, and sanitation systems.
What is the most logical order for the sentences in this paragraph?
A 1, 2, 3
B 1, 3, 2
C 3, 1, 2
D 2, 1, 3
Trace references like 'These tenements' or 'these conditions' to order ideas. Slide 45 of 62
DAY 11 KEY
Question 22 Answer & Explanation
Question 22: Revision
Correct Answer Option B
Skill: Logical Flow
Sentence 1 introduces tenements. Sentence 3 should follow immediately because it describes the features of "These tenements." Sentence 2 then serves as the perfect conclusion, explaining the health outcome of those features (1, 3, 2).
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
Use transitional pronouns and adjectives (like "These tenements" or "Furthermore, these conditions") as breadcrumbs to piece together the logical order of a paragraph.
Student sheet skill: Logical Flow
Double-check your tracker entries before moving to Day 12. Slide 46 of 62
DAY 12
Imperialism & Nationalism
Question 23: Editing
(1) In 1884, European powers gathered at the Berlin Conference to divide Africa. (2) The leaders who met there completely ignored traditional ethnic boundaries, creating artificial borders that caused decades of conflict.
What change, if any, should be made in sentence 2?
A Change who to whom
B Change that to which
C Change ignored to ignores
D Make no change
Does 'who' act as the subject of the action in sentence 2? Slide 47 of 62
DAY 12 KEY
Question 23 Answer & Explanation
Question 23: Editing
Correct Answer Option D
Skill: Relative Pronouns (Who/Whom)
The relative pronoun who is correct here because it acts as the grammatical subject of the verb "met." The sentence is written correctly, so no changes are necessary.
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
Use "who" when referring to the person doing the action (acts as subject), and "whom" when referring to the person receiving the action (acts as object).
Student sheet skill: Relative Pronouns
Verify your answer before turning to Question 24. Slide 48 of 62
DAY 12
Imperialism & Nationalism
Question 24: Revision
(1) During the Meiji Restoration, Japan modernized its economy and military to resist Western colonization. (2) [______], Japan emerged as a powerful industrial empire capable of defeating regional rivals.
Which transition should be added to the beginning of sentence 2 to show cause and effect?
A In contrast
B As a result
C For instance
D On the other hand
Does modernization serve as the cause for Japan's rise as an empire? Slide 49 of 62
DAY 12 KEY
Question 24 Answer & Explanation
Question 24: Revision
Correct Answer Option B
Skill: Transitions
Modernizing and industrializing (sentence 1) directly allowed Japan to successfully defeat its regional rivals (sentence 2). The transition As a result is the only choice that signals this cause-and-effect.
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
Keep an eye out for transition questions on the EOC. They almost always test four categories: Addition, Contrast, Illustration, or Cause & Effect.
Student sheet skill: Transitions
Excellent work! Update your tracker to keep your score optimal. Slide 50 of 62
DAY 13
World War I & Interwar Period
Question 25: Editing
(1) The Treaty of Versailles officially ended World War I, it forced Germany to accept full responsibility for the conflict. (2) This clause led to immense economic hardship and public resentment.
What is the correct way to write sentence 1?
A The Treaty of Versailles officially ended World War I; and forced Germany to accept full responsibility.
B The Treaty of Versailles officially ended World War I, and forcing Germany to accept full responsibility.
C The Treaty of Versailles officially ended World War I, but it forced Germany to accept full responsibility for the conflict.
D The Treaty of Versailles officially ended World War I, forcing Germany to accept full responsibility for the conflict.
Avoid join-errors with commas, and find the option with a clean gerund connector. Slide 51 of 62
DAY 13 KEY
Question 25 Answer & Explanation
Question 25: Editing
Correct Answer Option D
Skill: Run-on Sentences
The original sentence is a comma splice. Option D correctly eliminates the run-on structure by transforming the second clause into an active participial phrase (, forcing Germany...).
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
A comma followed by an "-ing" verb is an excellent way to combine a secondary action with a main sentence while avoiding a run-on sentence.
Student sheet skill: Run-on Sentences
Update your Tracker Sheet and prepare for Question 26. Slide 52 of 62
DAY 13
World War I & Interwar Period
Question 26: Revision
(1) The Great Depression of 1929 devastated economies around the world. (2) Widespread unemployment and hyperinflation undermined democratic governments. (3) This economic chaos directly fueled the rise of totalitarian dictators like Adolf Hitler.
What is the most effective way to combine sentences 2 and 3 to show a direct causal relationship?
A Widespread unemployment undermined democratic governments, which directly fueled the rise of dictators.
B Widespread unemployment undermined governments, but this directly fueled the rise of dictators.
C Underlining democratic governments, widespread unemployment directly fueled the rise of dictators.
D Widespread unemployment undermined governments because it directly fueled the rise of dictators.
Find the relative pronoun 'which' that links the effect back to the cause. Slide 53 of 62
DAY 13 KEY
Question 26 Answer & Explanation
Question 26: Revision
Correct Answer Option A
Skill: Sentence Combining
Option A uses the relative pronoun which to smoothly connect the effect (rise of dictators) to the cause (undermined governments), removing repetitive phrasing.
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
When asked to combine sentences to show causality, look for options that employ relative clauses beginning with "which" or subordinating words like "because."
Student sheet skill: Sentence Combining
Only two days remaining in this EOC warm-up sequence. Maintain your focus! Slide 54 of 62
DAY 14
World War II & The Holocaust
Question 27: Editing
(1) Allied commanders planned the D-Day invasion of Normandy with absolute secrecy. (2) Decoy forces were deployed by generals, false radio transmissions were broadcast, and complex supply lines were built.
What is the most effective way to rewrite sentence 2 using active voice to match sentence 1?
A Generals deployed decoy forces, broadcast false radio transmissions, and built complex supply lines.
B Decoy forces were deployed, radio transmissions were broadcast, and supply lines were built.
C Deploying decoy forces, generals broadcasted false radio transmissions and built complex supply lines.
D Sentence 2 should not be changed.
Who performed the actions of deploying, broadcasting, and building? Slide 55 of 62
DAY 14 KEY
Question 27 Answer & Explanation
Question 27: Editing
Correct Answer Option A
Skill: Active vs. Passive Voice
Sentence 1 uses the active voice (commanders planned). Original sentence 2 uses the passive voice (forces were deployed). Option A rewrites sentence 2 in active voice (Generals deployed...), matching the tone and style of sentence 1.
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
For consistent flow and punchy writing, try to avoid unnecessary shifts between active and passive voice in the same paragraph.
Student sheet skill: Active vs. Passive Voice
Ensure your Tracker Sheet aligns with active voice notes. Slide 56 of 62
DAY 14
World War II & The Holocaust
Question 28: Revision
(1) Following World War II, the United Nations was established to promote international cooperation and prevent future global conflicts. (2) Proponents argued that a unified assembly could successfully mediate territorial disputes. (3) Critics, however, pointed out that the veto power given to major nations could paralyze the organization.
Which word in sentence 3 signals that a counterargument is being introduced?
A Critics
B however
C veto power
D paralyze
Identify the specific transition adverb that signals an opposing idea. Slide 57 of 62
DAY 14 KEY
Question 28 Answer & Explanation
Question 28: Revision
Correct Answer Option B
Skill: Argument Support / Transitions
The word however is an adverbial transition specifically used to signal contrast or a counter-argument to the previous statement. "Critics" names the opponents, but "however" signals the structural shift in ideas.
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
Transition words like however, on the other hand, in contrast, and conversely are absolute indicators of counter-arguments or opposing viewpoints.
Student sheet skill: Argument Support
You have reached the final day. Keep the final sprint strong! Slide 58 of 62
DAY 15
The Cold War & Globalization
Question 29: Editing
(1) In 1987, U.S. President Ronald Reagan stood at the Brandenburg Gate in West Berlin. (2) He made a direct challenge to the Soviet leader, "General Secretary Gorbachev, tear down this wall!"
What is the correct punctuation to use before the direct quote in sentence 2?
A Place a comma after leader before the quotation marks.
B Place a colon after leader before the quotation marks.
C Place a semicolon after leader before the quotation marks.
D Sentence 2 is already written correctly.
How are speaking tags and quotes normally separated in narrative writing? Slide 59 of 62
DAY 15 KEY
Question 29 Answer & Explanation
Question 29: Editing
Correct Answer Option A
Skill: Punctuating Direct Quotations
To introduce a direct quote after a speaking/introducing verb phrase like "made a direct challenge to the Soviet leader," a comma is required before the first quotation mark.
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
Always separate dialogue/direct quotes from the tag line (he said, she shouted) with a comma, not a colon or semicolon, unless the introduction is a full independent clause.
Student sheet skill: Quote Punctuation
Take note of your inputs on the final day's tracker lines. Slide 60 of 62
DAY 15
The Cold War & Globalization
Question 30: Revision
(1) In the late twentieth century, the development of the internet connected billions of people. (2) This network transformed commerce, communication, and education instantly. (3) Today, global societies are more interconnected than at any other point in history.
Which sentence could best be added after sentence 3 to serve as a powerful concluding statement?
A Computers require microprocessors manufactured in specialized global factories.
B Thus, the story of humanity is one of increasing connection, from ancient river trade to the digital age.
C Some countries struggle with limited internet infrastructure and connectivity costs.
D Schools use online platforms to deliver homework.
Find an option that synthesizes the overarching narrative of human connection. Slide 61 of 62
DAY 15 KEY
Question 30 Answer & Explanation
Question 30: Revision
Correct Answer Option B
Skill: Effective Concluding Sentences
Option B is the ideal concluding statement because it summarizes the entire historical sequence (from ancient river trade to the digital age), ending on a powerful, unified theme that wraps up the whole course.
EOC Pro-Tip / Hint
A stellar concluding sentence shouldn't just repeat the paragraph's last sentence; it should tie everything back to the global, overall big picture or main theme.
Student sheet skill: Concluding Statements
15-Day Sequence Complete! You are fully equipped for EOC success. Slide 62 of 62