What causes panic attacks, and how can you prevent them? - Cindy J. Aaronson

TED-Ed

This animated lesson provides a deep dive into the physiological and psychological mechanics of panic attacks. It begins by vividly describing the subjective experience of a panic attack through poetic metaphor before transitioning into the hard science of what is actually happening in the brain and body. The video explains that a panic attack is essentially a "false alarm" where the body's fight-or-flight response is triggered without real danger, involving the amygdala, the sympathetic nervous system, and the release of adrenaline. The content moves beyond just the biology to explore the cycle of fear that maintains panic disorders—specifically, how the fear of having another attack can actually trigger one. It outlines the differences between distinct anxiety disorders like PTSD, OCD, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Crucially, it clarifies that while these experiences are terrifying and mimic life-threatening events like heart attacks, they are not physically dangerous in the long term. Finally, the video offers concrete, evidence-based solutions, comparing medication with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). It breaks down how CBT works through physiological education, breathing exercises, cognitive restructuring (changing thoughts), and exposure therapy. This resource is invaluable for health and psychology classrooms to de-stigmatize mental health issues, explain the nervous system, and equip students with practical mental tools for managing anxiety.