Multiplication Grid Reference Chart
Multiplication Grid (1–12)
12 pt Font
Standard reference table for multiplication facts and square numbers
Name:
Date:
| × | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
|---|
| 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 22 | 24 |
| 3 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 21 | 24 | 27 | 30 | 33 | 36 |
| 4 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 40 | 44 | 48 |
| 5 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 | 60 |
| 6 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 24 | 30 | 36 | 42 | 48 | 54 | 60 | 66 | 72 |
| 7 | 7 | 14 | 21 | 28 | 35 | 42 | 49 | 56 | 63 | 70 | 77 | 84 |
| 8 | 8 | 16 | 24 | 32 | 40 | 48 | 56 | 64 | 72 | 80 | 88 | 96 |
| 9 | 9 | 18 | 27 | 36 | 45 | 54 | 63 | 72 | 81 | 90 | 99 | 108 |
| 10 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 | 110 | 120 |
| 11 | 11 | 22 | 33 | 44 | 55 | 66 | 77 | 88 | 99 | 110 | 121 | 132 |
| 12 | 12 | 24 | 36 | 48 | 60 | 72 | 84 | 96 | 108 | 120 | 132 | 144 |
Mental Math Patterns & Strategy Guide
= Perfect Square Number (\(a \times a\))
Turnaround & Squares
Order does not matter: \(a \times b = b \times a\). Example: \(4 \times 7 = 7 \times 4 = 28\).
Square numbers make the gold diagonal where factors match!
1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144
The 9s & 5s Patterns
9s Digit Sum: Digits always sum to 9: \(9 \times 7 = 63\) (\(6 + 3 = 9\)).
5s Pattern: Every product ends in either 5 (odd) or 0 (even).
Tip: \(9 \times n = (10 \times n) - n\) (e.g. \(9 \times 6 = 54\))
Doubles & Break-Apart
4s & 8s: Double twice for 4s (\(7 \rightarrow 14 \rightarrow 28\)); double 3x for 8s (\(7 \rightarrow 56\)).
12s: Break into \((\times 10) + (\times 2)\). E.g., \(12 \times 7 = 70 + 14 = 84\).
11s trick: double digit to 9 (\(11 \times 8 = 88\))
