History

A 5-lesson sequence for 6th graders that explores the biological mechanics of stress, transforming it from a scary sensation into a comprehensible physiological process. Students will learn about the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and the various stress responses (fight, flight, freeze, fawn) while developing skills to distinguish between real danger and modern anxiety.

This sequence challenges students to evaluate competing historical methodologies used to understand pre-contact North America, juxtaposing archaeological evidence with Indigenous oral traditions. Students explore the complexity of societies from Cahokia to the Haudenosaunee, critiquing narratives that marginalize pre-Columbian sophistication.

A Kindergarten sequence exploring how various Native American nations historically obtained food through hunting, gathering, and agriculture, with a focus on the Three Sisters and respect for the earth.

This sequence teaches 6th-grade students to analyze historical events through the PEGS framework (Political, Economic, Geographic, and Social factors). Students progress from simple categorization to complex multi-causal analysis, culminating in a presentation on a major historical shift.

This sequence guides 6th-grade students through the concepts of chronology and causation, moving from simple trigger-outcome identification to complex historical causal mapping, centered on the Neolithic Revolution.

Students explore the concepts of chronology and causation by examining their own lives. They learn to distinguish between past, present, and future, analyze personal artifacts, and construct a chronological timeline of their growth and development.

Students explore chronological order and temporal vocabulary through daily routines, school schedules, and stories. The unit focuses on terms like 'first,' 'next,' and 'last' to build foundational historical thinking skills.

This sequence examines the adaptive strategies of human societies in Oceania, from Indigenous Australian land management to Polynesian maritime navigation and contemporary urban challenges. Students critique historical models of settlement and propose sustainability frameworks for insular environments.

Students explore how human populations in Oceania adapt to environmental challenges like resource scarcity in atolls, aridity in the Australian Outback, and modern sea-level rise. The sequence culminates in a design-thinking project where students propose sustainable solutions for Oceanian communities.

This inquiry-based sequence explores how the unique geography of the Balkan Peninsula influenced the development of independent city-states rather than a unified empire. Students analyze topographical maps, Minoan and Mycenaean artifacts, the Bronze Age collapse, and the structure of the Polis to understand the roots of Greek culture and the concept of geographic determinism.

This sequence examines the geographic and early historical foundations of Ancient Greece, moving from the Bronze Age civilizations to the formation of the city-state (polis). Students analyze how the mountainous geography and maritime environment necessitated independent political units rather than a centralized empire.

This sequence explores the transition from nomadic lifestyles to complex sedentary societies, focusing on urban planning, social organization, religion, technology, and defense in Neolithic settlements like Jericho and \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck. Students analyze how the challenges of density led to new forms of governance and specialized labor.

This sequence explores the cognitive and cultural evolution of early humans during the Upper Paleolithic, focusing on lithic technology, social structures, language, and symbolic art. Students investigate what it means to be behaviorally modern through hands-on analysis and creative projects.

A deep dive into the Neolithic Revolution, challenging the narrative of pure progress by analyzing the biological, geographical, and social consequences of agriculture. Students evaluate whether the shift to farming was truly a benefit to humanity.

This sequence tracks the biological and geographic journey of humanity from early hominids to the global dispersion of Homo sapiens, focusing on the interplay between physical evolution, environmental challenges, and migration patterns.

A 9th-grade history sequence that explores how archaeologists and historians reconstruct the prehistoric past using stratigraphy, dating methods, artifact analysis, and case studies like Ötzi the Iceman. Students transition from raw data to historical narrative through inquiry-based workshops.

This sequence examines the transition from Neolithic villages to complex city-states, focusing on how agricultural surplus fueled social hierarchy, specialization, and political power. Students engage in architectural analysis, sociological inquiry, and a culminating simulation to understand the birth of social stratification.

Students critically analyze the monumental shift from foraging to farming, examining the trade-offs: the rise of infectious disease, labor intensity, nutritional decline, and social inequality. Through comparative studies of early agricultural sites and hunter-gatherer health, students engage in high-level debates about the costs and benefits of civilization.

A comprehensive 10th-grade history sequence exploring the cognitive and cultural evolution of Paleolithic humans through their tools, art, and rituals. Students analyze the transition from survival technology to symbolic expression and spiritual belief.

A comprehensive 10th-grade sequence tracing human biological evolution and global migration, emphasizing the impact of environmental pressures and technological innovation from the early hominids to the cognitive revolution.

A comprehensive unit on Ancient Egypt covering the civilization's social structure, religious beliefs, and architectural wonders. Students explore the Nile's importance, the process of mummification, the pantheon of gods, and the lives of famous pharaohs.

A lesson sequence focusing on how text features like timelines, tables, and maps help organize complex historical information for better comprehension.

This 3rd-grade sequence explores Africa's natural resources, historical trade routes like the salt-gold trade, agricultural reliance on the Nile, and modern economic connections. Students engage in simulations and mapping activities to understand how resources drive human movement and community growth.

An advanced undergraduate sequence exploring the historiography, colonial legacy, and cultural reception of Ancient Egypt and Kush. Students analyze the 'race debate,' repatriation ethics, and the construction of historical narratives through archaeology and linguistics.

This undergraduate-level sequence explores the 25th Dynasty of Egypt, examining the rise of Kushite power, the conquest of Egypt by Piye, the cultural synthesis of the 'Black Pharaohs,' and the geopolitical clashes with the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Students will engage with primary sources, art history, and comparative historiography.

A comprehensive undergraduate-level sequence exploring the complex relationship between Ancient Egypt and Nubia (Kush). This course utilizes post-colonial frameworks to analyze trade, imperialism, and resistance, contrasting archaeological evidence with Egyptian textual records.

This sequence explores the intersection of architecture, labor, and ideology in Ancient Egypt's Old and Middle Kingdoms. Students investigate monumental construction as a tool for political legitimacy and economic integration, challenging myths about slave labor through archaeological evidence.

This sequence interrogates the environmental and geographic determinants that facilitated the rise of complex state societies in the Nile Valley. Students will critically analyze the 'Hydraulic Hypothesis' and investigate how the oscillating patterns of the Nile flood influenced early social stratification, bureaucracy, and theological concepts like Ma'at.

A 9th-grade history sequence exploring how archaeologists and historians use conflicting textual evidence and scientific data to reconstruct the history of Ancient Egypt and Kush. Students develop skills in bias detection, corroboration, and historical synthesis.

This sequence explores the intersection of religious belief and political power in Ancient Egypt, focusing on the radical Amarna period and its aftermath. Students analyze how the pharaohs used the divine to maintain social order and the consequences of disrupting that order.

A project-based sequence for 9th-grade students exploring the Kingdom of Kush's independent identity, its relationship with Egypt, and its historical legacy. Students investigate archaeological evidence from Kerma, the 25th Dynasty's conquest of Egypt, and the industrial innovations of Mero\u00eb, culminating in a curated museum exhibit.

An inquiry-based exploration of how Ancient Egyptian and Kushite rulers used monumental architecture and divine kingship to consolidate political power, mobilize labor, and create lasting propaganda. Students analyze the transition from the Old Kingdom's pyramids to the New Kingdom's temple complexes through the lens of political legitimacy and economic impact.

A 9th-grade history sequence exploring how the Nile's geography shaped the civilizations of Ancient Egypt and Kush, focusing on agricultural cycles, trade networks, and political stability.

A social history sequence for 10th grade students that examines Ancient Egypt and Kush through the lens of labor systems, social stratification, and the daily lives of non-elites, centered on evidence from Deir el-Medina.

A project-based exploration of Ancient Egyptian and Kushite architecture as tools for political messaging, labor organization, and economic control. Students analyze the evolution of pyramids, the economic power of temples, and the propaganda strategies of pharaohs like Hatshepsut and Ramses II.

A 10th-grade history sequence examining how religious ideology, specifically the concept of Ma'at and divine kingship, legitimized political power in Ancient Egypt and Kush. Students analyze the standard theocratic model, the crisis of the Amarna Period, and the subsequent restoration of order.

A deep dive into the complex, shifting relationship between Ancient Egypt and the Kingdom of Kush. Students explore trade, imperialism, and cultural fusion, culminating in the 25th Dynasty's rule over both lands and the eventual rise of Meroë.

An inquiry-based exploration of how the Nile's geography dictated the political, economic, and social development of Ancient Egypt and Kush, focusing on the theory of hydraulic civilizations and geographic determinism.

This mastery-based sequence focuses on the rise of the Kingdom of Kush, the 'Black Pharaohs' of the 25th Dynasty, and the shift of power in the Nile Valley. Students will analyze archaeological evidence, primary sources like the Victory Stela, and the unique socio-political structures of Meroë, including the powerful Kandakes.

This sequence explores the economic and cultural relationship between Ancient Egypt and the Kingdom of Kush, focusing on how trade fostered both interdependence and conflict. Students engage in mapping, simulations, and artifact analysis to understand the flow of goods and ideas along the Nile.

Explore the Silk Road as a vehicle for religious and cultural syncretism. Students track the spread and adaptation of Buddhism, Islam, and Nestorian Christianity across Asia, culminating in a curated digital museum exhibit.

A project-based unit exploring the diverse ways indigenous peoples resisted European imperialism. Students analyze military, religious, and intellectual resistance, culminating in a research exhibition that highlights agency and strategic action.

An inquiry-based exploration of the economic engines and technological breakthroughs of ancient river valley civilizations, focusing on trade networks, metallurgy, mathematics, and long-term legacy.

Students explore the rigid social hierarchies and political systems of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley, and China. They analyze how religion justified power, how laws enforced order, and how daily life differed across social classes to answer the question: Is a strict hierarchy necessary for a stable society?

This sequence explores the evolution of writing from economic tokens to complex scripts across ancient Mesopotamia, China, and the Indus Valley, focusing on writing as a tool for power and preservation.

A project-based unit where 7th-grade students explore the urban planning and architecture of ancient river civilizations (Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, and China), culminating in the design of their own ancient capital city.

This sequence explores how physical geography, specifically river valleys, dictated the development of the world's first civilizations. Students analyze the Nile, Tigris-Euphrates, Indus, and Yellow River valleys to understand 'geographic determinism' and the technological innovations born from environmental challenges.

A comparative study of the evolution of writing and legal systems in ancient river civilizations, focusing on how these intellectual technologies served as tools for economic administration and social control.

An undergraduate-level exploration of social stratification in ancient river civilizations through the lens of urban archaeology, spatial analysis, and material culture. Students learn to 'read' the physical remains of cities and burials to reconstruct invisible power structures and class hierarchies.

An undergraduate-level sequence exploring the correlation between water management and political centralization in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley, and Shang China, using Karl Wittfogel's 'Hydraulic State' model as a critical framework.

A comprehensive undergraduate module exploring the relationship between river hydrology, engineering, and the development of political and spiritual systems in the Nile, Mesopotamia, Indus, and Yellow River valleys. Students critique environmental determinism by analyzing technological responses to geographic constraints.

This sequence investigates the invention and evolution of writing systems as a tool for administration, literature, and cultural preservation across ancient river civilizations. Students explore the transition from pictographs to complex scripts like Cuneiform, Hieroglyphics, and Oracle Bone Script, concluding with the mystery of the undeciphered Indus script.

A 9th-grade history sequence investigating the technological and architectural innovations of ancient river civilizations. Students analyze urban planning, sanitation, and monumental architecture to understand societal values, culminating in a city design challenge.

This unit explores the interplay between geography and the development of the four major river valley civilizations: the Nile, Tigris-Euphrates, Indus, and Yellow Rivers. Students analyze how environmental predictability and natural barriers influenced agricultural success, societal structure, and cultural outlooks.

This sequence traces the evolution of written language from pragmatic record-keeping to complex literature across ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China. Students explore how writing systems facilitated trade, codified religion, and expanded state bureaucracy, ultimately evaluating the transformative power of literacy on human history.

A 10th-grade history sequence examining the vulnerabilities, resilience, and collapse of ancient river civilizations through environmental, political, and technological lenses. Students investigate case studies from Sumer, the Indus Valley, China, and Egypt to understand why some civilizations endure while others vanish.

A 10th-grade history sequence exploring the urban planning, architecture, and engineering of ancient river civilizations, culminating in a design project.

This sequence investigates how physical geography—specifically river systems—shaped the development, culture, and political structures of the Nile, Tigris-Euphrates, Indus, and Yellow River civilizations. Students evaluate the 'Hydraulic Hypothesis' and the concept of geographic determinism through map analysis, simulations, and primary source comparison.

A project-based exploration of ancient river civilizations focusing on urban planning and architectural engineering. Students analyze the physical legacy of the Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Yellow River to understand how city design reflects cultural values.

A workshop-style sequence exploring how the economic and administrative needs of ancient river civilizations led to the invention of writing. Students engage in simulations and hands-on activities to understand the evolution from pictographs to abstract scripts.

This sequence teaches 6th-grade students to analyze historical events through the PEGS framework (Political, Economic, Geographic, and Social factors). Students progress from simple categorization to complex multi-causal analysis, culminating in a presentation on a major historical shift.

This sequence teaches 6th-grade students to distinguish between correlation and causation through historical case studies, data analysis, and critical debating, equipping them with the tools to avoid logical fallacies in historical and modern contexts.

This sequence guides 6th-grade students through the concepts of chronology and causation, moving from simple trigger-outcome identification to complex historical causal mapping, centered on the Neolithic Revolution.

An inquiry-based exploration of the economic engines and technological breakthroughs of ancient river valley civilizations, focusing on trade networks, metallurgy, mathematics, and long-term legacy.

Students explore the rigid social hierarchies and political systems of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley, and China. They analyze how religion justified power, how laws enforced order, and how daily life differed across social classes to answer the question: Is a strict hierarchy necessary for a stable society?

This sequence explores the evolution of writing from economic tokens to complex scripts across ancient Mesopotamia, China, and the Indus Valley, focusing on writing as a tool for power and preservation.

A project-based unit where 7th-grade students explore the urban planning and architecture of ancient river civilizations (Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, and China), culminating in the design of their own ancient capital city.

This sequence explores how physical geography, specifically river valleys, dictated the development of the world's first civilizations. Students analyze the Nile, Tigris-Euphrates, Indus, and Yellow River valleys to understand 'geographic determinism' and the technological innovations born from environmental challenges.

A comparative study of the evolution of writing and legal systems in ancient river civilizations, focusing on how these intellectual technologies served as tools for economic administration and social control.

An undergraduate-level exploration of the collapse of Bronze Age civilizations through the lenses of systems theory, paleoclimatology, and historiographical critique. Students analyze why complex river valley societies like Egypt, Akkad, the Indus Valley, and the Shang Dynasty transformed or disappeared, challenging the binary of 'success' and 'failure'.

An undergraduate-level exploration of social stratification in ancient river civilizations through the lens of urban archaeology, spatial analysis, and material culture. Students learn to 'read' the physical remains of cities and burials to reconstruct invisible power structures and class hierarchies.

An undergraduate-level sequence exploring the correlation between water management and political centralization in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley, and Shang China, using Karl Wittfogel's 'Hydraulic State' model as a critical framework.

A comprehensive undergraduate module exploring the relationship between river hydrology, engineering, and the development of political and spiritual systems in the Nile, Mesopotamia, Indus, and Yellow River valleys. Students critique environmental determinism by analyzing technological responses to geographic constraints.

This sequence investigates the invention and evolution of writing systems as a tool for administration, literature, and cultural preservation across ancient river civilizations. Students explore the transition from pictographs to complex scripts like Cuneiform, Hieroglyphics, and Oracle Bone Script, concluding with the mystery of the undeciphered Indus script.

A 9th-grade history unit exploring the development of centralized power and legal systems in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China. Students analyze how early states established order through codified laws and religious philosophies of governance.

A 9th-grade history sequence investigating the technological and architectural innovations of ancient river civilizations. Students analyze urban planning, sanitation, and monumental architecture to understand societal values, culminating in a city design challenge.

A 5-lesson unit for 9th-grade students exploring the social hierarchies, labor systems, and gender roles of ancient river valley civilizations. Students will analyze how Egypt, Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley, and China justified inequality and maintained social order through legal codes, religious mandates, and economic structures.

This unit explores the interplay between geography and the development of the four major river valley civilizations: the Nile, Tigris-Euphrates, Indus, and Yellow Rivers. Students analyze how environmental predictability and natural barriers influenced agricultural success, societal structure, and cultural outlooks.

This sequence traces the evolution of written language from pragmatic record-keeping to complex literature across ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China. Students explore how writing systems facilitated trade, codified religion, and expanded state bureaucracy, ultimately evaluating the transformative power of literacy on human history.

A 10th-grade history sequence examining the vulnerabilities, resilience, and collapse of ancient river civilizations through environmental, political, and technological lenses. Students investigate case studies from Sumer, the Indus Valley, China, and Egypt to understand why some civilizations endure while others vanish.

This 3rd-grade sequence explores Africa's natural resources, historical trade routes like the salt-gold trade, agricultural reliance on the Nile, and modern economic connections. Students engage in simulations and mapping activities to understand how resources drive human movement and community growth.

An advanced undergraduate sequence exploring the historiography, colonial legacy, and cultural reception of Ancient Egypt and Kush. Students analyze the 'race debate,' repatriation ethics, and the construction of historical narratives through archaeology and linguistics.

A comprehensive undergraduate-level sequence exploring the complex relationship between Ancient Egypt and Nubia (Kush). This course utilizes post-colonial frameworks to analyze trade, imperialism, and resistance, contrasting archaeological evidence with Egyptian textual records.

This sequence interrogates the environmental and geographic determinants that facilitated the rise of complex state societies in the Nile Valley. Students will critically analyze the 'Hydraulic Hypothesis' and investigate how the oscillating patterns of the Nile flood influenced early social stratification, bureaucracy, and theological concepts like Ma'at.

This sequence explores the intersection of religious belief and political power in Ancient Egypt, focusing on the radical Amarna period and its aftermath. Students analyze how the pharaohs used the divine to maintain social order and the consequences of disrupting that order.

A project-based sequence for 9th-grade students exploring the Kingdom of Kush's independent identity, its relationship with Egypt, and its historical legacy. Students investigate archaeological evidence from Kerma, the 25th Dynasty's conquest of Egypt, and the industrial innovations of Mero\u00eb, culminating in a curated museum exhibit.

An inquiry-based exploration of how Ancient Egyptian and Kushite rulers used monumental architecture and divine kingship to consolidate political power, mobilize labor, and create lasting propaganda. Students analyze the transition from the Old Kingdom's pyramids to the New Kingdom's temple complexes through the lens of political legitimacy and economic impact.

A 9th-grade history sequence exploring how the Nile's geography shaped the civilizations of Ancient Egypt and Kush, focusing on agricultural cycles, trade networks, and political stability.

A 10th-grade history sequence examining how religious ideology, specifically the concept of Ma'at and divine kingship, legitimized political power in Ancient Egypt and Kush. Students analyze the standard theocratic model, the crisis of the Amarna Period, and the subsequent restoration of order.

A deep dive into the complex, shifting relationship between Ancient Egypt and the Kingdom of Kush. Students explore trade, imperialism, and cultural fusion, culminating in the 25th Dynasty's rule over both lands and the eventual rise of Meroë.

An inquiry-based exploration of how the Nile's geography dictated the political, economic, and social development of Ancient Egypt and Kush, focusing on the theory of hydraulic civilizations and geographic determinism.

This mastery-based sequence focuses on the rise of the Kingdom of Kush, the 'Black Pharaohs' of the 25th Dynasty, and the shift of power in the Nile Valley. Students will analyze archaeological evidence, primary sources like the Victory Stela, and the unique socio-political structures of Meroë, including the powerful Kandakes.

This sequence explores the economic and cultural relationship between Ancient Egypt and the Kingdom of Kush, focusing on how trade fostered both interdependence and conflict. Students engage in mapping, simulations, and artifact analysis to understand the flow of goods and ideas along the Nile.

This 7th Grade Social Studies sequence investigates the profound impact of the Nile River on Ancient Egyptian and Kushite civilizations. Students explore geographic determinism through map analysis, flood simulations, technological diagrams, and primary source evaluation to understand how the environment shaped settlement, religion, and innovation.

This sequence examines the rigid social hierarchy of Ancient Egypt and the distinct roles within it, from the Pharaoh to the peasantry. Students analyze the consolidation of power, the role of bureaucracy, and the lives of specific rulers through case studies and simulations.

A project-based learning unit exploring the engineering, mathematics, and social structures behind Ancient Egypt's monumental architecture. Students transition from historical analysis to architectural design, culminating in a creative monument project.

This sequence explores the military and political relationship between Ancient Egypt and the Kingdom of Kush. Students will analyze primary sources, identify historical bias in 'victor-written' accounts, and investigate the technological and diplomatic shifts that defined this centuries-long interaction.

A game-based sequence exploring the economic systems and trade networks between Ancient Egypt and Kush, focusing on commodities, barter systems, logistics, cultural diffusion, and interdependence.

A 5-lesson sequence for 6th-grade students exploring the geography, agriculture, and settlement patterns of Ancient Egypt and Kush, emphasizing the role of the Nile River in civilization development.

A Kindergarten sequence exploring how various Native American nations historically obtained food through hunting, gathering, and agriculture, with a focus on the Three Sisters and respect for the earth.

A deep dive into the tensions between classical philosophy and modern democratic practice, focusing on Plato's critiques and contemporary responses.

A lesson sequence focusing on how text features like timelines, tables, and maps help organize complex historical information for better comprehension.

This inquiry-based sequence explores how different societies choose their leaders through elections, inheritance, and appointments. Students compare local and global systems to understand the sources of political power.

A 3rd-grade sequence exploring the geography, governance, and daily life of Ancient Greece, specifically contrasting Athens and Sparta. Students learn how mountainous geography led to isolated city-states and investigate the origins of democracy and the Olympics.

A comprehensive 5-lesson unit for 3rd grade students exploring Ancient Greek culture through the lens of mythology, fables, and art. Students learn how ancient people used stories to explain the world and establish moral values, culminating in the creation of their own original myths.

Explore the Silk Road as a vehicle for religious and cultural syncretism. Students track the spread and adaptation of Buddhism, Islam, and Nestorian Christianity across Asia, culminating in a curated digital museum exhibit.

This sequence introduces undergraduate students to the anthropological frameworks used to study dance in its ritual and social contexts. Students explore the function of movement in religious, social, and healing practices across Indigenous American, West African, and Ancient Greek traditions, culminating in an analysis of how sacred dances transition to secular stages.

A graduate-level exploration of the Hellenistic period, focusing on cultural syncretism, imperial administration, and the legacy of Alexander's successors through the lens of post-colonial theory.

This graduate-level sequence traces the intellectual trajectory of Greek thought from the cosmological speculations of the Presocratics to the ethical systems of the Hellenistic schools. Students engage with the shift from mythos to logos, the development of dialectical reasoning, and the foundational systems of Plato and Aristotle.

An advanced exploration of Greek political evolution for graduate students, focusing on constitutional forms, institutional crises, and the tension between elite ideology and democratic practice. Students analyze the transition from Archaic tyranny to the radical Athenian democracy, the Spartan constitutional 'mirage', and the development of federalism in the Hellenistic leagues.

An advanced historiographical sequence exploring the intersection of archaeology and literary sources in Ancient Greece, designed for graduate-level scholars.