Associative Grouping Worksheet Name:
Date:
Class:
Associative Property: Grouping Factors
Eureka Math Grade 3 • Module 3 Strategy
Rule to Remember Multiply parentheses ( ) first!
The Associative Property: You can change the grouping of factors using parentheses, and the total product stays the same! (a × b) × c = a × (b × c)
Part 1
Group the Factors in Different Ways
Solve each side by multiplying the parentheses first. Notice the products match!
Problem 1: Factors 2, 3, and 2
(2 × 3) × 2 = × 2 =
2 × (3 × 2) = 2 × =
Problem 2: Factors 3, 2, and 4
(3 × 2) × 4 = × 4 =
3 × (2 × 4) = 3 × =
Part 2
Multiply Parentheses First, Then Find the Product
A. (4 × 2) × 5
= × 5 =
B. 4 × (2 × 5)
= 4 × =
C. (3 × 3) × 4
= × 4 =
D. 3 × (3 × 4)
= 3 × =
Part 3
Match Equivalent Pairs
Write the letter of the matching equivalent expression in the blank.
1. (5 × 3) × 2
2. (2 × 6) × 3
3. 4 × (2 × 3)
A. (4 × 2) × 3
B. 5 × (3 × 2)
C. 2 × (6 × 3)
Part 4
Explain Your Thinking
Leo says: "(2 × 5) × 3 is easier to solve in my head than 2 × (5 × 3)." Show how Leo would solve both ways:
Leo's Way: (2 × 5) × 3
Product = ______
Other Way: 2 × (5 × 3)
Product = ______
Why is Leo's way friendly? Hint: Think about multiplying by 10!
Associative Strategies Worksheet Name:
Date:
Class:
Associative Property: Decompose & Regroup
Eureka Math Grade 3 • Module 3 Strategy
Strategy Tip Decompose a factor to make friendly facts!
Model Example: Solve 12 × 3 by decomposing 12 into 6 × 2:
12 × 3 = (6 × 2) × 3 = 6 × (2 × 3) = 6 × 6 = 36
Part 1
Decompose the First Factor
Fill in the missing factor in the number bond, then write the regrouped expression.
14
/ \
7 2
× 3
= (7 × 2) × 3
= 7 × (2 × 3) = 7 × =
16
/ \
8
× 3
= (8 × __) × 3
= 8 × (__ × 3) = 8 × =
Part 2
Complete the Eureka Strategy Steps
A. 15 × 2
= (5 × 3) × 2 = 5 × (3 × 2) = 5 × =
B. 4 × 12
= 4 × (2 × 6) = (4 × 2) × 6 = × 6 =
C. 18 × 2
= (9 × 2) × 2 = 9 × (2 × 2) = 9 × =
Part 3
True or False? Check the Properties
Circle True or False for each statement.
1. (5 × 2) × 4 = 5 × (2 × 4)
True False
2. (4 × 3) × 2 = (4 + 3) × 2
True False
3. 6 × (2 × 5) = (6 × 2) × 5
True False
Part 4
Word Problem Challenge
A bakery has 3 trays of muffins. Each tray has 2 rows with 5 muffins in each row.
Way 1: (3 × 2) × 5
= × 5
= muffins
Way 2: 3 × (2 × 5)
= 3 ×
= muffins
Sentence: Both ways give ______ total muffins because the grouping changes, but the product stays the same.
Distributive Breakup Worksheet Name:
Date:
Class:
Distributive Property: Break Apart with 5s
Eureka Math Grade 3 • Module 1 Strategy
Eureka Rule Break tricky facts into friendly 5s!
Model Strategy: Break apart 7 into 5 + 2 to solve 7 × 4 :
7 × 4 = (5 × 4) + (2 × 4) = 20 + 8 = 28
Part 1
Break the Array into Friendly Parts
Look at the dotted line splitting the array into two smaller parts. Fill in the blanks.
7 rows of 3:
• • • (5 rows of 3)
• • • (2 rows of 3)
7 × 3 = (5 × 3) + (2 × 3)
= + =
8 rows of 4:
• • • • (5 rows of 4)
• • • • (3 rows of 4)
8 × 4 = (5 × 4) + (3 × 4)
= + =
Part 2
Number Bonds & Eureka Unit Form
7
/ \
5 2
7 sixes = 5 sixes + 2 sixes
= 30 + =
8
/ \
5 3
8 sevens = 5 sevens + 3 sevens
= 35 + =
6
/ \
5 1
6 eights = 5 eights + 1 eight
= 40 + =
Part 3
Fill in the Missing Numbers
1. 7 × 5 = (5 × 5) + ( × 5)
2. 8 × 6 = (5 × 6) + ( × 6)
3. 7 × 8 = (5 × 8) + (2 × 8) = 40 + =
4. 9 × 4 = (5 × 4) + (4 × 4) = 20 + =
Part 4
Eureka Word Problem
Elena buys 7 packs of stickers. Each pack has 6 stickers . Break apart 7 into 5 and 2 to find how many total stickers Elena bought.
7 × 6 = (5 × 6) + (2 × 6)
7 × 6 = + =
Answer: Elena bought ______ stickers in all.
Distributive Mastery Worksheet Name:
Date:
Class:
Distributive Property: Flexible Strategies
Eureka Math Grade 3 • Module 3 Strategy
Fact Power Use facts you know to solve tricky ones!
Two Ways to Break Apart 8 × 7:
Using 5s and 3s: (5 × 7) + (3 × 7) = 35 + 21 = 56
Using Doubles (4s and 4s): (4 × 7) + (4 × 7) = 28 + 28 = 56
Part 1
Break Apart Challenging Facts
Fill in the intermediate products and final answer for each fact.
1. 8 × 9 = (5 × 9) + (3 × 9)
= 45 + =
2. 9 × 7 = (5 × 7) + (4 × 7)
= 35 + =
3. 9 × 6 = (10 × 6) - (1 × 6)
= 60 - =
Part 2
Your Choice: Break Apart and Solve
Choose friendly numbers to break apart one factor. Show your work!
Fact: 8 × 8 Break 8 into: ___ + ___
8 × 8 =
Fact: 7 × 7 Break 7 into: ___ + ___
7 × 7 =
Part 3
Which Expression Matches?
Circle the correct letter choice that shows a valid break-apart equation.
1. Which breaks apart 8 × 6?
A. (5 × 6) + (3 × 6)
B. (5 + 6) × (3 + 6)
C. (4 × 6) + (2 × 6)
2. Which breaks apart 9 × 8?
A. (10 × 8) + (1 × 8)
B. (5 × 8) + (4 × 8)
C. (9 × 4) + (9 × 2)
Part 4
Explain Jordan's Strategy
Jordan says: "I forgot 8 × 7, but I know 5 × 7 = 35 and 3 × 7 = 21."
How can Jordan find 8 × 7 using those two facts?
So, 8 × 7 = 35 + 21 = ______
