A lesson exploring how monarchs in England, France, Spain, and Russia consolidated power and how geography shaped their national identities during the late Middle Ages and early modern period.

A comprehensive lesson exploring how centralized monarchies emerged in England, France, Spain, and Russia through the influence of key leaders and pivotal territorial conflicts.

A comprehensive lesson exploring the rise of nation-states in England, France, Spain, and Russia, focusing on key monarchs, territorial conflicts, and the consolidation of royal power.

A comprehensive lesson on the rise of modern nation-states, focusing on the unification of Germany and Italy, the role of key leaders like Bismarck and Garibaldi, and the socio-economic factors that drove consolidation.

The simulation concludes with a focus on Spain and Russia, followed by a comparative analysis of how different monarchs consolidated power and forged national identities.

Students are introduced to the concept of nation-states and begin the 'Kingdom Quest' simulation, representing the early stages of centralization in England and France.

Exploration of the unification of Spain through the Reconquista and the rise of the Russian Empire under the Czars. Students will analyze common strategies used by monarchs to consolidate power.