A lesson exploring how monarchs in England, France, Spain, and Russia consolidated power and how geography shaped their national identities during the late Middle Ages and early modern period.

A comprehensive lesson exploring how centralized monarchies emerged in England, France, Spain, and Russia through the influence of key leaders and pivotal territorial conflicts.

A comprehensive lesson on the rise of modern nation-states, focusing on the unification of Germany and Italy, the role of key leaders like Bismarck and Garibaldi, and the socio-economic factors that drove consolidation.

The simulation concludes with a focus on Spain and Russia, followed by a comparative analysis of how different monarchs consolidated power and forged national identities.