Cosmic
Chronicles

Comprehensive Science & ELA Missions

Space Explorer

Mission Launch Date

Command Center

Science (NC 3.E.2)

EOG Rigor Integration

Mission Day 01

The Solar Engine

NC 3.E.2.1 • MAIN IDEA & DETAILS

At the center of our vast solar system sits a massive, glowing star called the Sun. While it may look like a small yellow disc in our sky, the Sun is actually a colossal sphere of energy that anchors everything around it. It is the largest object in our neighborhood, containing 99.8% of the total mass of the entire solar system. This star is the very reason life can exist on Earth, providing the warmth and light we rely on every single day to power our world and sustain all living things.

The Sun is not made of solid rock or liquid water like our home planet. Instead, it is composed of superheated gases, primarily hydrogen and helium. These gases are under so much pressure that they undergo a process called fusion, which releases an incredible amount of energy. At the core, temperatures reach millions of degrees. This energy radiates outward into the cold vacuum of space, traveling 93 million miles to reach Earth in just over eight minutes, providing a steady and vital stream of power.

Because the Sun is so massive, it possesses an incredibly powerful gravitational pull. Gravity is the invisible force that attracts objects to one another based on their mass. In our system, the Sun’s gravity acts like a giant, invisible rope that holds all the planets, moons, and asteroids in their specific paths. Without this pull, Earth and the other planets would simply drift away into the dark, empty regions of space, leaving us without a source of heat or light to keep our planet warm and habitable.

To understand the sheer scale of the Sun, scientists often use comparisons. If the Sun were a hollow ball, you could fit more than one million Earths inside it! It is so bright that it outshines everything else in the daytime sky, making other stars invisible until the Sun sets. Even though there are billions of other stars in the universe, the Sun is the only star close enough to provide the specific amount of energy needed to keep Earth’s oceans liquid and its atmosphere warm enough for humans to survive.

The layers of the Sun are also very complex and dynamic. The part we see is called the photosphere, while the outer atmosphere is the corona, which can only be seen during a total solar eclipse. Sometimes, the Sun releases huge bursts of energy called solar flares or exhibits dark spots called sunspots. These features show that the Sun is not a static object but a dynamic, active engine. These movements can even affect satellite communications and power grids back on Earth, showing our deep connection to our star.

Beyond its physical structure, the Sun plays a crucial role in Earth’s natural systems. Its energy drives the water cycle by evaporating water from the oceans, which later falls as rain to provide fresh water for plants and animals. This cycle is essential for agriculture and the survival of all terrestrial life. Without the Sun's heat, the water cycle would grind to a halt, and Earth’s weather patterns would cease to exist. This demonstrates that the Sun is more than just a light in the sky; it is a vital engine for survival.

Ultimately, the Sun is the heart and anchor of our solar system. It is a star that provides both the organization through gravity and the fuel through energy for everything around it. Every morning when the Sun rises, it begins a cycle of energy that powers almost every living process on our planet, from the growth of ancient forests to the movement of the tides. It is truly a giant engine that never stops working, making it the most important object in our cosmic neighborhood for our continued existence.

Mission Check: Day 01

Assessment

1. Which statement best expresses the main idea of the entire passage?

A.The Sun is a hollow ball that could hold one million Earths.

B.The Sun is the vital source of gravity and energy for our system.

C.Hydrogen and helium are the primary gases that make up stars.

D.Sunspots and solar flares are dynamic features of the Sun's layers.

2. According to paragraph 2, what causes the Sun to release energy?

A.The gravity of the planets pulling on the Sun's photosphere.

B.Superheated gases under extreme pressure undergoing fusion.

C.The reflection of light off of Earth's liquid oceans.

D.Hydrogen and helium cooling down in the vacuum of space.

3. Which detail supports the idea that the Sun organizes the solar system?

A.The Sun contains 99.8% of the total mass of the system.

B.Energy from the Sun takes eight minutes to reach Earth.

C.Its gravity acts like an invisible rope holding planets in paths.

D.The photosphere is the layer that we see from Earth.

4. Based on the passage, how long does it take sunlight to reach Earth?

A.About twenty-four hours

B.Exactly one million years

C.Just over eight minutes

D.Nearly ninety-three days

5. How does paragraph 5 contribute to the main idea?

A.By explaining the chemical composition of the core.

B.By describing how photosynthesis provides food.

C.By describing the active and changing nature of the star.

D.By providing a list of all stars in the universe.

6. How does the scale of the Sun compare to the Earth?

A.Earth is much denser and more massive than the star.

B.The Sun and Earth are similar in size and composition.

C.The Sun is significantly larger, holding over a million Earths.

D.Earth is the largest object found in the solar neighborhood.

7. What is the author's primary purpose for writing this passage?

A.To persuade readers to study solar eclipse safety.

B.To describe the history of how the system was formed.

C.To inform readers about the Sun's features and importance.

D.To compare the temperatures of different stars in space.

8. What can be inferred about Earth if the Sun's gravity disappeared?

A.Earth would move closer to the center of the system.

B.Earth would drift away and lose its source of light.

C.Earth would stay in the same place but become colder.

D.The Moon would pull Earth into a new orbit around Mars.

9. In paragraph 2, what does the word "radiates" most likely mean?

A.Pulls objects toward a central point.

B.Cools down very quickly in the vacuum.

C.Spreads out or sends forth from a source.

D.Melts into a solid rock or heavy metal.

10. According to the text, why is the Sun called the "anchor"?

A.Because it is the heaviest object in the oceans.

B.Because it holds everything in the system together.

C.Because it is made of solid rock and metal.

D.Because it never moves or changes its position.

Mission Day 02

A Protective Shield

NC 3.E.2.1 • Cause & Effect

Earth and the Moon are neighbors in space, constantly circling one another as they travel together around the Sun. While they are close together in terms of distance, their environments are worlds apart. The most significant and life-altering difference between them is the presence of an atmosphere. Earth is surrounded by a thick, multi-layered atmosphere, which is a collection of gases that clings to our planet. This atmosphere acts like a protective shield, allowing life to flourish in ways that are simply impossible on the barren surface of the Moon.

One major effect of Earth’s atmosphere is its ability to regulate temperature. This layer of gas acts like a thermal blanket, trapping the Sun’s heat near the surface through a process similar to how a greenhouse works. This ensures that Earth stays warm enough for liquid water to exist, which is essential for all living things. Without this gaseous "blanket," the heat from the Sun would bounce off the surface and escape directly back into space, leaving our planet as a frozen rock every single night when the Sun sets.

The Moon, however, lacks this protective layer entirely. Because the Moon has almost no atmosphere, it cannot hold onto any of the heat it receives from the Sun. This leads to a dramatic cause-and-effect relationship regarding its temperature. During the day, the Moon’s surface is baked by the Sun and becomes boiling hot. As soon as the Sun sets, the temperature drops instantly to hundreds of degrees below zero. There is no air to store the warmth, causing these extreme and deadly changes for any potential visitor.

Another visible effect of Earth’s atmosphere can be seen on the surface of the Moon through a telescope. You will see that the Moon is covered in thousands of bowl-shaped holes called craters. These craters are formed when space rocks, such as asteroids or meteoroids, crash into the surface. Since the Moon has no air to slow these rocks down, they hit the ground with incredible force, exploding and carving out deep pits in the dusty, gray soil that covers the Moon's entire surface.

On Earth, the situation is very different because of our gaseous shield. When a space rock enters Earth’s atmosphere, it travels through thick layers of air. The friction, or rubbing, between the fast-moving rock and the air molecules causes the rock to heat up and glow. Most of these rocks, which we call "shooting stars," burn up completely in the atmosphere before they can ever touch the ground. Because our atmosphere acts as a barrier, Earth is protected from the constant bombardment of rocks.

Earth's atmosphere also protects us from more than just space rocks; it shields us from the Sun's harmful radiation. The atmosphere contains a layer of ozone that acts like invisible sunglasses for the planet, blocking out dangerous rays that could harm humans and animals. On the Moon, these rays hit the surface directly, making it a very hostile environment. This additional layer of protection is another reason why Earth's atmosphere is considered a "protective shield" for all life below it.

Finally, the atmosphere provides the very air that we need to survive. Earth’s air contains the oxygen required by humans and animals, as well as the carbon dioxide needed by plants. On the Moon, there is no air to breathe and no wind to move clouds or seeds across the land. The lack of an atmosphere makes the Moon a silent, dry, and barren place where sound cannot even travel. By comparing Earth to its rocky neighbor, we can clearly see how the atmosphere is a powerful and life-giving shield that defines our planet.

Mission Check: Day 02

Assessment

1. What is the primary cause of Earth's warm temperature mentioned in paragraph 2?

A.The rubbing of space rocks against the ground.

B.The atmosphere trapping heat like a blanket.

C.The reflection of light off the Earth's oceans.

D.The Moon providing extra warmth during the night.

2. Why does the Moon experience extreme changes in temperature?

A.It is much farther from the Sun than the Earth.

B.It is made of rock that cannot get warm.

C.It has almost no atmosphere to store heat.

D.It rotates too slowly on its axis every single day.

3. How does the atmosphere protect Earth from space rocks?

A.The gravity of the atmosphere pulls them away.

B.The air causes friction that makes rocks burn up.

C.The clouds act like a soft cushion to catch rocks.

D.The oxygen in the air turns rocks into water.

4. Why is liquid water able to exist on Earth's surface?

A.Earth has craters to hold the water in place.

B.The atmosphere keeps the planet warm enough.

C.The Moon pulls the water into the oceans.

D.The Sun is made of liquid hydrogen gas.

5. What causes the Moon's day temperature to be "boiling hot"?

A.The Sun's core reaching millions of degrees.

B.The lack of air to distribute heat away from surface.

C.The Moon being closer to the asteroid belt.

D.The presence of iron rust on the surface.

6. What is a likely effect of Earth losing its gaseous atmosphere?

A.Earth would have more liquid water in its oceans.

B.The temperature would drop dramatically at night.

C.Space rocks would stop falling toward the planet.

D.The Sun would provide more oxygen to the surface.

7. Which sentence explains why the Moon has so many craters?

A."The Moon is a silent, dry, and barren place."

B."Since the Moon has no air to slow rocks, they hit with force."

C."The Moon experiences extreme temperatures in shade."

D."Earth is protected from the bombardment of rocks."

8. What does "bombardment" most likely mean in paragraph 5?

A.A slow and careful placement of space rocks.

B.A continuous and forceful hitting of objects.

C.A magical appearance of stars in the sky.

D.A quiet and peaceful landing on the surface.

9. In the text, the atmosphere is compared to —

A.Bowl-shaped holes and gray soil.

B.A protective shield and thermal blanket.

C.A dusty neighbor and silent desert.

D.A cosmic rope and invisible glasses.

10. Which summarizes why Earth can support life according to the text?

A.Earth has an atmosphere that regulates heat and air.

B.Earth is much larger and heavier than the Moon.

C.Earth has craters that protect plants and animals.

D.Earth is the only planet that orbits the Sun star.

Mission Day 03

The Rocky Worlds

NC 3.E.2.1 • Context Clues

The solar system is a vast and diverse place, containing many different types of planets. To help make sense of it all, scientists divide the eight planets into two main groups based on their locations and what they are made of. The first group is known as the inner planets. These are the four worlds closest to the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. They are also frequently referred to as terrestrial planets because they all share a similar rocky structure and composition.

All terrestrial planets have a solid, rocky surface that an explorer could theoretically stand upon. Unlike the outer planets, which are mostly made of gas, these inner worlds have a firm ground made of silicate rocks or heavy metals. They are also relatively small and compact in size compared to the giant planets found further out in the system. While they share these traits, each of the four inner planets has its own unique personality and harsh environment.

Mercury is the smallest of the inner planets and is located closest to the Sun, orbiting in a very tight path. Because it is so close to the star, it is a barren world with almost no atmosphere to protect it from solar radiation. Its surface is heavily cratered, looking much like our Moon, and it has no moons of its own. It is a world of extremes, being scorching hot when facing the Sun but freezing cold on the side facing away into deep space.

Venus, the second planet, is often called Earth’s twin because it is very similar in size and mass. However, that is where the similarities end. Venus is shrouded in a thick layer of poisonous clouds that trap heat so effectively it is actually the hottest planet in the entire solar system. These clouds are so dense that the Sun is never visible from the surface, creating a gloomy and high-pressure environment that would crush any normal spacecraft.

Earth, our home, is the third planet from the Sun and is unique among the terrestrial four. It is the only planet with vast oceans of liquid water and an atmosphere that contains breathable oxygen. Because of these special features, Earth is the only place in the universe known to support life. It is perfectly positioned in space—not too hot like Venus, and not too cold like Mars—allowing life to flourish across its diverse continents for millions of years.

Mars is the fourth and final inner planet. It is frequently called the "Red Planet" because its soil contains iron rust, which gives it a distinct rusty-orange color. Mars is a cold, desert-like world with a very thin atmosphere mostly made of carbon dioxide. Scientists are fascinated by Mars because its surface features, such as deep canyons and dried-up riverbeds, suggest that liquid water may have flowed there long ago. Today, robotic rovers explore its plains.

The inner planets are separated from the outer planets by a region called the asteroid belt. This belt is filled with millions of rocky objects that orbit the Sun in a wide ring between Mars and Jupiter. By studying these terrestrial worlds, scientists can better understand how rocky planets form and how environments evolve over time. Each of these four neighbors offers a different look at the possibilities of our solar system, from the heat of Venus to the red deserts of Mars.

Mission Check: Day 03

Assessment

1. Using context clues from paragraph 1, what does "terrestrial" mean?

A.Planets made primarily of liquid water.

B.Planets that have a solid, rocky structure.

C.Planets that are located in the asteroid belt.

D.Planets that are the largest in the system.

2. In paragraph 4, the word "shrouded" most likely means —

A.Brightly illuminated

B.Completely covered

C.Vastly different

D.Easily seen

3. The word "barren" in paragraph 3 suggests that Mercury is —

A.Full of life and vibrant colors.

B.Empty and unable to support growth.

C.Covered in deep, liquid oceans.

D.Larger than most other planets.

4. What is the most likely meaning of "compact" as used in paragraph 2?

A.Spread out over a vast distance.

B.Densely packed and small.

C.Made of liquid and gas.

D.Extremely bright and glowing.

5. Based on the passage, the word "twin" is used to describe Venus because —

A.It is exactly the same temperature as Earth.

B.It is very similar in size and mass to Earth.

C.It was formed at the same time as Earth.

D.It has the same breathable oxygen as Earth.

6. Why is Venus hotter than Mercury despite being farther from the Sun?

A.Mercury is a frozen world with no air.

B.Venus produces own fire and radiation.

C.The thick clouds on Venus trap heat.

D.Mercury reflects all the light back to space.

7. What gives Mars its distinct rusty-orange color?

A.Red plants growing on the dusty plains.

B.Poisonous hydrogen and helium clouds.

C.Iron rust found within the soil of the planet.

D.The heat from the Sun burning the rocks.

8. According to paragraph 6, what evidence do scientists use to study Mars' history?

A.The high pressure from the poisonous clouds.

B.The size and mass of the robotic rovers.

C.Surface features like dried-up riverbeds.

D.The distance from the Sun and its rocky twin.

9. How are the inner planets different from the outer planets?

A.Inner planets are rocky; outer are gaseous.

B.Inner planets are much larger than the outer.

C.Inner planets are located beyond the asteroid belt.

D.Inner planets have no gravity to hold them in place.

10. How does the author organize the information in paragraph 3, 4, 5?

A.By listing the planets in order of size.

B.By comparing the Sun to each of the planets.

C.By describing unique features of specific planets.

D.By explaining how the system was first created.

Mission Day 04

The Gas Giants

NC 3.E.2.1 • Main Idea & Details

Beyond the asteroid belt, the solar system changes dramatically. Here, we find the four outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. These worlds are vastly different from the rocky inner planets we studied previously. Because they are primarily made of hydrogen and helium gas rather than rock and metal, they are often referred to as the "Gas Giants." These planets are so massive that they dwarf the terrestrial worlds found closer to the Sun in terms of sheer scale and volume.

One of the most striking things about the Gas Giants is that they do not have a solid surface to walk on. If you attempted to land a spacecraft on Jupiter, there would be no firm ground to touch. Instead, the craft would simply sink through deeper and deeper layers of thick, swirling clouds and pressurized gas until it was crushed by the intense pressure. This gaseous structure is what allows these planets to be so much larger than Earth while remaining relatively light for their size.

Jupiter is the undisputed king of the outer planets. It is the largest planet in our solar system, so big that all the other planets could fit inside it twice! Jupiter is famous for its Great Red Spot, which is actually a giant storm that has been raging for hundreds of years. This storm is so massive that it is wider than the entire planet Earth. Jupiter also has a powerful gravitational pull that attracts many moons—at least 95 have been discovered so far by astronomers using telescopes.

Saturn is perhaps the most beautiful of the outer worlds, best known for its spectacular and complex system of rings. While other planets have rings, Saturn’s are by far the most visible and bright. These rings are made of billions of pieces of ice, dust, and rock, ranging in size from tiny specks to chunks as big as houses. Saturn is also the least dense planet in our system; it is so light that if you could find an ocean big enough to hold it, the entire planet would float on the water.

Uranus and Neptune are the farthest planets from the Sun and are sometimes called "Ice Giants." While they are still mostly made of gas, they contain much more frozen material, such as water and methane ice, than Jupiter or Saturn. Uranus is unique because it rotates on its side, making it look like a rolling ball as it orbits the Sun. Neptune, the final planet, is a deep blue world with the strongest winds in the solar system, reaching speeds of over 1,200 miles per hour in its atmosphere.

Because the outer planets are so far from the Sun, they receive very little light and warmth. They are dark, frozen worlds where temperatures never rise above freezing even on their warmest days. Despite these harsh conditions, the Gas Giants are an essential part of our system. Their massive gravity helps keep the rest of the solar system organized by pulling in dangerous asteroids and comets that might otherwise hit the inner planets. They act as "gravitational vacuums" that protect our home world from collisions.

Studying these giant neighbors reminds us just how varied and amazing our cosmic neighborhood truly is. From the swirling storms of Jupiter to the icy blue winds of Neptune, the outer planets offer a glimpse into environments that are entirely different from our own. As technology improves, we send more probes to these distant worlds, hoping to unlock the secrets hidden beneath their thick, gaseous clouds and learn more about the formation of our universe.

Mission Check: Day 04

Assessment

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

A.Jupiter has a giant red storm raging for years.

B.The outer planets are massive giants with unique features.

C.Saturn has rings made of ice and rock pieces.

D.Uranus and Neptune are cold planets far from the Sun.

2. Based on paragraph 2, what prevents an explorer from standing on Jupiter?

A.The temperature is too cold to survive.

B.The rings around the planet block the craft.

C.The planet lacks a solid surface to stand on.

D.The gravity pulls objects away from the surface.

3. What are Saturn's rings primarily made of?

A.Liquid hydrogen and glowing helium gas.

B.Billions of pieces of ice, dust, and rock.

C.Solid sheets of pure gold and silver.

D.The same iron rust found on planet Mars.

4. Which planet is described as being so light it could float on water?

A.Jupiter

B.Uranus

C.Saturn

D.Neptune

5. How does the gravity of the Gas Giants benefit the inner planets?

A.By pulling in dangerous asteroids and comets.

B.By providing heat to help the Sun star.

C.By creating the light that reaches Earth.

D.By moving the Moon closer to the Sun.

6. What is a key characteristic shared by all four outer planets?

A.They all have a solid, rocky core for landing.

B.They all have systems of rings and many moons.

C.They are all located inside the asteroid belt.

D.They are all the same distance from the Sun.

7. Which sentence shows how massive Jupiter's Great Red Spot is?

A."It is a giant storm raging for hundreds of years."

B."This storm is massive, wider than the entire Earth."

C."Jupiter also has a powerful gravitational pull."

D."Jupiter is the undisputed king of the outer planets."

8. What is unique about the way Uranus rotates on its axis?

A.It spins much faster than any other planet.

B.It does not rotate on an axis at all.

C.It rotates on its side, like a rolling ball.

D.It rotates in the opposite direction of its orbit.

9. In paragraph 4, what does the word "spectacular" mean?

A.Invisible to the human eye

B.Ordinary and plain looking

C.Impressive and beautiful

D.Extremely small and tiny

10. Why are outer planets dark and frozen worlds?

A.They are made of ice and have no sun.

B.They are very far from the Sun’s heat.

C.They rotate too quickly to catch any heat.

D.The rings block all the sunlight from core.

Mission Day 05

A System in Motion

NC 3.E.2.2 • Synthesis

The solar system may look like a collection of still objects when we see them in books, but in reality, every object in space is in constant motion. These movements are not random; instead, they follow predictable patterns that have continued for billions of years since the system first formed. There are two primary ways that planets move: rotation and revolution. Understanding these two motions is the key to understanding how we experience time and cycles on Earth.

Rotation is the spinning of a planet on its axis, which is an imaginary line that runs through the center from the North Pole to the South Pole. You can think of a planet as a giant spinning top. This rotation is what causes the cycle of day and night. As Earth spins, different parts of its surface face the Sun. When your part of the Earth is facing the Sun, you experience daylight. When Earth continues to spin and your location faces away from the Sun, you enter darkness.

It takes approximately 24 hours for Earth to complete one full rotation on its axis. This is why our "day" is 24 hours long. Other planets rotate at different speeds based on their size and composition. For example, the massive planet Jupiter spins so fast that a day there lasts only ten hours! On the other hand, Venus rotates very slowly, taking 243 Earth days to spin just once. This means a day on Venus is actually longer than its entire year, which is a strange fact about its motion.

While planets are spinning, they are also revolving around the Sun. Revolution is the movement of one object around another in a specific path called an orbit. The Sun’s massive gravity acts like a magnet, pulling the planets and keeping them in these circular paths without letting them fly away. The time it takes for a planet to complete one full revolution is what we call a year. On Earth, one revolution around the Sun takes about 365 days to finish.

Because planets are located at different distances from the Sun, their orbits are different sizes. Planets that are closer to the Sun have shorter orbits and travel much faster. Mercury, the closest planet, has a very small path and takes only 88 Earth days to complete a revolution. Planets that are farther away, like Neptune, have massive orbits to travel. Neptune is so far from the Sun that it takes about 165 Earth years to finish just one single trip around the star.

The tilt of a planet's axis also plays a role in its motion and environment. For example, Earth's axis is tilted, which causes different parts of the planet to receive more or less sunlight at different times of the year. This is what creates the seasons of spring, summer, fall, and winter. While rotation gives us days and revolution gives us years, this tilt adds variety to the climate. Other planets also have tilts, though some are much more extreme than Earth's.

This organized "cosmic dance" is what keeps our solar system stable and predictable for scientists to study. The force of gravity ensures that every planet stays in its proper orbit, while the energy from the Sun provides the light and heat needed for life. By observing these patterns of rotation and revolution, we can understand why we have seasons and why our system has remained organized. Every object in space has its own rhythm, contributing to the order of the universe.

Mission Check: Day 05

Assessment

1. What is the main difference between rotation and revolution?

A.Rotation is the path; revolution is spinning.

B.Rotation is spinning; revolution is the path around Sun.

C.Rotation takes a year; revolution takes 24 hours.

D.Rotation is caused by magnets; revolution by wind.

2. According to paragraph 2, what causes the cycle of day and night?

A.The Moon revolving around the Earth.

B.The Earth spinning on its axis.

C.The Sun moving from North to South Pole.

D.The clouds blocking the Sun’s heat.

3. In paragraph 3, which planet has the slowest rotation speed?

A.Jupiter

B.Venus

C.Earth

D.Mercury

4. What is the definition of an "orbit" as used in the passage?

A.The imaginary line through a planet's poles.

B.The spinning motion of a giant top star.

C.The specific path a planet takes around the Sun.

D.The gravitational magnet at the Sun's core.

5. What would happen if a planet stopped rotating but continued revolving?

A.It would no longer have years.

B.It would drift away from the Sun.

C.It would no longer have day and night patterns.

D.It would explode due to gravity force.

6. Why does Neptune have a much longer year than Earth?

A.Neptune rotates much faster on its axis.

B.Neptune is located much farther from the Sun.

C.Neptune is made of gas instead of rock.

D.Neptune has a smaller gravitational pull.

7. How many Earth days does it take for Mercury to complete a revolution?

A.10 hours

B.88 days

C.243 days

D.365 days

8. According to paragraph 4, what provides the force for the orbits?

A.The constant spinning of the planets.

B.The massive gravitational pull of the Sun.

C.The magnetic force of the Gas Giants.

D.The speed of the asteroids in the belt.

9. Based on paragraph 6, what is the cause of seasons on Earth?

A.The speed of rotation on the axis.

B.The tilt of the planet's axis.

C.The distance from the asteroid belt.

D.The length of the planet's year trip.

10. Summarize the "cosmic dance" described in the final paragraph:

A.Mercury has a short orbit and travels fast.

B.Gravity and energy keep the system organized.

C.Jupiter spins in only ten hours.

D.Rotation and revolution happen randomly.

Cosmic Chronicles Packet Final V2

Cosmic Chronicles Packet Final V2

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