Identifying Cause and Effect in Texts

Khan Academy

This educational video uses the whimsical machinery of Rube Goldberg to introduce and explain the concept of cause and effect in reading comprehension. The narrator begins by analyzing a complex cartoon machine where one action triggers a chain reaction, providing a concrete visual metaphor for how events are connected. This visual introduction seamlessly transitions into a lesson on identifying these relationships within written text, distinguishing between the 'cause' (why something happens) and the 'effect' (the result). The video covers key themes including logical sequencing, identifying signal words, and critical reading strategies. It explicitly lists common transition words that signal causes (e.g., because, since) and effects (e.g., therefore, consequently). The narrator also addresses the common misconception that cause and effect must follow the order of the sentence, demonstrating how sentence structure can be inverted without changing the logical relationship. For the classroom, this video is an excellent tool for scaffolding reading comprehension skills. It moves from a fun, low-stakes visual example to a rigorous close reading of a nonfiction passage about ballerina Michaela DePrince. By modeling how to annotate a text and ask 'why' questions to uncover hidden motivations and results, the video demonstrates practical strategies students can apply to any complex text to better understand narrative structure and character motivation.