This educational video traces the historical expansion of the United States federal bureaucracy from the Gilded Age to the 21st century. Hosted by a narrator who uses a time machine to visit key historical moments, the lesson explains how the role of the executive branch and federal agencies has grown significantly over time. It begins by examining the transition from a laissez-faire approach to the "trust-busting" activities of Theodore Roosevelt during the Progressive Era, highlighting the use of the Sherman Antitrust Act to break up monopolies like Standard Oil.