How Authors Develop Themes in Fiction

Khan Academy

This educational video provides a clear and engaging exploration of literary themes, defining them as the link between big world ideas and the specific actions within a text. The narrator breaks down the abstract concept of "theme" into tangible elements, explaining that themes are not just simple morals but complex messages intentionally woven into fiction by authors. Using popular cultural references like *The Lord of the Rings*, *Harry Potter*, and *Moana*, the video demystifies how literary analysis works in a way that is accessible to students. The content is structured around four primary methods authors use to develop themes: the repeated use of symbols, changes in setting, specific dialogue (including "sage" characters), and character actions. Each method is illustrated with concrete examples—such as a girl who loves airplanes seeing birds everywhere to symbolize flight, or a character retreating to a mountain where the weather reflects their internal state. The video also emphasizes the value of re-reading, noting that themes often only become clear once a reader has finished the story and can look back at the complete picture. For educators, this resource serves as an excellent foundation for units on literary analysis and close reading. It moves beyond simply asking "what is the theme?" to asking "how do we know?" This approach encourages critical thinking and evidence-based argumentation. Teachers can use this video to introduce the concept of theme before starting a novel study, or as a tool to help students revise their own creative writing by consciously incorporating symbols and meaningful settings.