This educational video examines the rise and impact of community organizations during the turbulent 1960s in the United states. It moves beyond the mainstream Civil Rights movement to explore how grassroots groups like the Black Panther Party and Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) redefined civic engagement. The lesson distinguishes between two primary strategies used by these groups: "mass mobilization" (public protests and boycotts) and "direct action" (creating independent community programs like food pantries and clinics). The content provides a structured analysis of both the Black Panthers and the SDS, breaking down the specific societal issues they sought to address, the methods they employed, and the significant backlash they faced from both the public and the government. Key historical events, such as the FBI's investigation into community programs and the tragic Kent State shootings in 1970, are discussed to illustrate the intense friction between these activist groups and established authority figures. For educators, this video serves as an excellent resource for U.S. History and Civics curricula, particularly when teaching about the 1960s counterculture, social movements, and civic responsibility. It offers a balanced look at controversial historical topics, encouraging students to analyze the efficacy of different forms of protest and the complexities of community leadership. The clear structure—defining concepts first, then applying them to case studies—makes it ideal for note-taking and comparative analysis activities.