Matter Mechanics Diagnostic
Matter Mechanics
UNIT 1: DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT
Physics & Chemistry Laboratory
Student Name
Date
Period
I
Properties & Changes
-
Explain the fundamental difference between a physical property and a chemical property. Provide one specific example of each.
-
Silver tarnishing (darkening) when exposed to air is an example of a chemical change.
A) True
B) False
II
States & Phase Changes
- Which state of matter has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container?
A) Solid
B) Liquid
C) Gas
D) Plasma
- When thermal energy is removed from a liquid, what phase change occurs?
A) Vaporization
B) Freezing
C) Sublimation
D) Melting
- Describe the particle arrangement and motion as a solid transitions directly into a gas (sublimation).
III
Calculating Matter
Density: \(D = \frac{m}{V}\)
D: Density | m: Mass | V: Volume
Volume: \(V = \frac{m}{D}\)
V: Volume | m: Mass | D: Density
Weight: \(W = m \times g\)
W: Weight (N) | g: \(9.8\text{ m/s}^2\)
- A lead block has mass \(113.4\text{ g}\) and volume \(10.0\text{ cm}^3\). Find density.
Work Area
Final Answer
- A liquid has density \(0.79\text{ g/mL}\). Find mass of a \(50.0\text{ mL}\) sample.
Work Area
Final Answer
- A gold nugget has mass \(38.6\text{ g}\) and density \(19.3\text{ g/cm}^3\). Find volume.
Work Area
Final Answer
- A bolt (\(45\text{ g}\)) raises water from \(30\text{ mL}\) to \(35\text{ mL}\). Find density.
Work Area
Final Answer
- An astronaut has a mass of \(80\text{ kg}\). Calculate the astronaut's weight on Earth where \(g = 9.8\text{ m/s}^2\). Then, if gravity on the Moon is \(1.6\text{ m/s}^2\), calculate their weight on the Moon.
Earth Work Area
Earth Weight (N)
Moon Work Area
Moon Weight (N)
Matter Mechanics Answer Key
Answer Key
UNIT 1: MATTER MECHANICS
Teacher Reference Document
Section I: Properties & Changes
1. Physical vs. Chemical Properties:
Difference: Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the substance's identity. Chemical properties describe how a substance changes into a completely new substance.
Examples: Physical (density, color, melting point); Chemical (flammability, reactivity with acid).
- A — True (Oxidation/tarnishing is a chemical change).
Section II: States & Phase Changes
-
B — Liquid.
-
B — Freezing.
5. Sublimation:
Particles move from being tightly packed in a fixed crystalline solid to independent gas molecules moving rapidly with high kinetic energy.
Section III: Calculations
\(D = m/V\) \(V = m/D\) \(W = m \times g\)
6. Density of Lead:
\(D = 113.4\text{ g} / 10.0\text{ cm}^3 = \)
11.34 g/cm³
7. Mass of Liquid:
\(m = 0.79\text{ g/mL} \times 50.0\text{ mL} = \)
39.5 g
8. Volume of Gold:
\(V = 38.6\text{ g} / 19.3\text{ g/cm}^3 = \)
2.0 cm³
9. Bolt Density:
\(V = 35\text{ mL} - 30\text{ mL} = 5\text{ mL}\)
\(D = 45\text{ g} / 5\text{ mL} = \) 9.0 g/mL
10. Weight Calculation (Earth vs. Moon):
Earth:
\(W = m \times g\)
\(W = 80\text{ kg} \times 9.8\text{ m/s}^2\)
Answer: 784 N
Moon:
\(W = m \times g\)
\(W = 80\text{ kg} \times 1.6\text{ m/s}^2\)
Answer: 128 N
Diagnostic Focus Points
- Check Question 10 for the distinction between mass and weight.
- Significant figures: Look for appropriate rounding and unit usage (N for weight).
- Density Displacement: Question 9 requires two steps (volume calculation then density).
- Algebraic manipulation: Question 8 targets the \(V = m/D\) derivation.
